Unit 2: Canada's Natural Systems Flashcards
(13 cards)
What are the three main factors of landform regions?
- Surface Shape: Regions have different features, such as mountains and plains.
- Rock Type: There are three main types of rock that are found on earth and each is formed a different way.
- Geological Age: The regions of Canada were formed during four geological eras or times.
What are the three types of rock and how are they formed?
Igneous:
Is formed through molten rock cooling
Sedimentary:
Is formed by pressure being applied to sediment from the ocean or the land.
Metamorphic:
Are formed by an existing igneous or sedimentary rock being changed chemically or physically into a denser state.
What are the four eras n which Canada was formed?
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
Precambrian
What are plate tectonics?
The Earth’s hard shell is made up of thick slabs of rock called plates. The interactions of these plates is called plate tectonics.
Who theorized continental drift?
1915, Alfred Wegener
What are some proofs of Wegener’s theory?
The jigsaw fit between South America and Africa.
Fossils of the same plants and animals existing on both continents.
Mountains similar in age and shape on both sides of the atlantic ocean.
Ice sheets that used to exist on the bottom part of most continents. How could there be ice in places that are warm today?
What are the different layers of soil?
Humus, Topsoil, Subsoil, Bedrock, & Parent Material.
What are the layers of the Earth?
The Inner and outer cores, the mantle, and the crust.
What are the Earth’s four spheres?
The Geosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere and Biosphere.
How are hot spot volcanoes formed?
Heat rises as a thermal plume and bursts out of the crust in a volcano.
What is glaciation?
A glacier bumped into protruding land masses (continents), and eventually melted, leaving behind lakes and some torn up land.
What is the ring of fire?
A ring of volcanoes that goes around the pacific. Most of the ring is the borders of tectonic plates.
What is topography?
Topography is the top layer of the world. When studying Canada’s topography, there are distinct types of landforms, including islands, prairies, shield, highlands, and lowlands.
