Unit 2: carbohydrates

Question 1

when the carbonyl is in the end of a chain

Answer 1

aldo

Question 2

when carbonyl is in the middle of a chain

Answer 2

keto

Question 3

different carbon names are based on how many

Answer 3

carbon

Question 4

carbon name for 2,3.4,5,6,7

Answer 4

di,tri,tetr,pent,hex,sept

Question 5

anomeric carbon

Answer 5

bond to 2 separate oxygen

Question 6

monosaccharide functional groups

Answer 6

multiple hydroxyl groups, only one carbonyl group

Question 7

function of monosaccharide

Answer 7

provide energy and building blocks for other molecules

Question 8

monosaccharide can form into what shape

Answer 8

rings

Question 9

alpha and beta structure depends on where _____ is

Answer 9

anomeric hydroxyl group

Question 10

glucose is

Answer 10

most common and important

Question 11

fructose

Answer 11

component of table sugar, common energy intermediate

Question 12

galactose

Answer 12

component of lactose, often found in oligosaccharides

Question 13

ribose/deoxyribose

Answer 13

pentose sugars used to make DNA/RNA

Question 14

disaccharides are? what link

Answer 14

two monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic linkage

Question 15

glycosidic linkage

Answer 15

condensation between two hydroxyl groups, one is always an anomeric carbon

Question 16

disaccharides primarily for

Answer 16

energy storage

Question 17

Maltose

Answer 17

glucose + glucose

Question 18

sucrose

Answer 18

glucose + fructose

Question 19

lactose

Answer 19

glucose + galactose

Question 20

polysaccharides

Answer 20

macromolecules, polymers of monosaccharides, 10-100s of subunits long

Question 21

polysaccharides examples

Answer 21

starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

Question 22

alpha formation

Answer 22

anomeric hydroxyl group below ring

Question 23

beta formation

Answer 23

anomeric hydroxyl group above ring

Question 24

storage polysaccharides are made from

Answer 24

alpha-monomers

Question 25

structural polysaccharides are made from

Answer 25

beta monomers

Question 26

storage polysaccharides include

Answer 26

complex carbs, starch (planets), glycogen (animals)

Question 27

.

Answer 27

.

Question 28

storage polysaccharides features

Answer 28

digestible, helical phone cord structure and store energy

Question 29

glycogen

Answer 29

storage polysaccharide | 1-6 linkages to form branches

Question 30

branches are good for

Answer 30

releasing energy more at once, not for storage

Question 31

structural polysaccharides

Answer 31

dietary fiber, cellulose (plants), chitin (insects, crustaceans)

Question 32

cellulose made from

Answer 32

beta glucose, 1-4 linkages

Question 33

structural polysaccharides structure

Answer 33

straight linear structure that hydrogen bonds with other strands to form woody fiber

Question 34

animals do not have enzymes to break down/ digest

Answer 34

beta 1-4 linkages

Question 35

oligosaccharides

Answer 35

sugars of 3-40 monomers, many different simple sugars, | highly branched

Question 36

oligosaccharides function

Answer 36

cell recognition/signaling and cell defense

Question 37

blood types result from

Answer 37

oligosaccharides

Question 38

amylose

Answer 38

plants | storage alpha 1-4 helical

Question 39

amylopectin

Answer 39

plants storage alpha 1-4 helical alpha 1-4 branches

Question 40

glycogen

Answer 40

storage animals alpha 1-4 helical alpha 1-4 branches

Question 41

cellulose

Answer 41

structural plants | beta 1-4 lines (wood)

Question 42

chitin

Answer 42

structural animals | beta 1-4 lines (exoskeleton)

Question 43

storage

Answer 43

plants: amylose, amylopectin animal: glycogen

Question 44

structural

Answer 44

plants: cellulose animals: chitin

Question 45

how to tell beta from a structure

Answer 45

top, two oxygens are close together and they are up

Question 46

how to tell alpha from a structure

Answer 46

bottom, oxygens are across and one is facing down

Question 47

monosaccharides 4 main points

Answer 47

1. glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose 2. general naming (kato vs aldo; di, tri,tetra, penta, hexa) 3. find anomeric carbon 4. # a chain

Question 48

main 2 points of disaccharides

Answer 48

1. glycosidic bond used two diff. hydroxyl | 2. maltose, sucrose, lactose

Question 49

main 2 points of oligosaccharides

Answer 49

1. highly branched | 2. cell recognition and cell defense

Question 50

main 2&3 points for polysaccharides

Answer 50

storage: plants --> 1) amylose alpha 1-4 helical. 2) amylopectin: alpha 1-4 helical and alpha 1-6 branched. 3) animal --> glycogen: a1-4 helical and a1-6 branched structural: plants --> 1) cellulose: b1-4 lines (wood). animals --> 2) chitin b1-4 lines (exoskeleton)