unit 2- cells

Question 1

cell surface (plasma) membrane description

Answer 1

• found on surface of animal cells and inside cell wall of others
• made up of mainly lipids and proteins

Question 2

nucleus description

Answer 2

• surrounded by nuclear envelope (double membrane) containing many pores
• contains chromosomes made from protein-bound linear dna and one or more structures called a nucleolus

Question 3

cell surface (plasma) membrane function

Answer 3

• regulated the movement of substances in and out cell

- receptor molecules respond to chemicals like hormones

Question 4

nucleus function

Answer 4

• controls cells activities
• dna contains instructions to make proteins
• pores allow substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm
• nucleolus makes ribosomes

Question 5

mitochondrion description

Answer 5

• oval shaped
• double membrane- inner one is folded to form structures called cristae
• inside is the matrix containing enzymes involved in respiration

Question 6

mitochondrion function

Answer 6

• site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced
• large amounts in cells
• very active and require a lot of energy

Question 7

chloroplast description

Answer 7

• small flattened structure found in plants and algal cells
• surrounded by double membrane
• membranes inside are called thylakoid membranes
• stacked up to form grana
• grana linked together by lamallae- thin flat piece of thylakoid membrane

Question 8

chloroplast function

Answer 8

• site where photosynthesis takes place

- some part happen in grana and other in stroma (thick fluid found in chloroplast)

Question 9

golgi apparatus description

Answer 9

• a group of fluid filled membrane bound flattened sacs

- vesicles are often seen at the edge of sacs

Question 10

golgi apparatus function

Answer 10

• processes and packages new lipids and proteins

- also makes lysosomes

Question 11

golgi vesicle description

Answer 11

-small fluid filled sac in cytoplasm surrounded by membrane and produced by golgi apparatus

Question 12

golgi vesicle function

Answer 12

-stored lipids and proteins made by golgi apparatus and transports them out of cell

Question 13

lysosome description

Answer 13

• round organelle surrounded by membrane with no clear internal structure
• a type of golgi vesicle

Question 14

lysosome function

Answer 14

• contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes
• kept separate from cytoplasm by surrounding membrane
• used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell