Unit 2: Chem of Amino Acids, Peptides and proteins Flashcards
S:35 (97 cards)
1
Q
_______ is a monomeric unit of peptides and proteins
A
amino acids
- mosty occurs as a L- alpha amino acid
2
Q
what does pKa mean?
A
when 50% of the functional group has H+ and 50% doesn’t have H
3
Q
most amino acids occur as ___ amino acids
A
L alpha amino acids
4
Q
what is the alpha carbon?
A
The carbon that the primary functional group binds to
5
Q
_____ pKa means that there is a lot of H in the environment and the carbon will hold onto the H
A
Low pKa
6
Q
____ pKa means that there is not a lot of H in the environment and the fxn group will donate a H
A
High pKa
7
Q
Phe
A
Phenylalanine
8
Q
Val
A
Valine
9
Q
Thr
A
Threonine
10
Q
Trp
A
tryptophan
11
Q
Ile
A
Isoleucine
12
Q
Met
A
Methionine
13
Q
His
A
Histidine
14
Q
Arg
A
arginine
15
Q
Leu
A
Leucine
16
Q
Lys
A
Lysine
17
Q
PVT
essential amino acids
A
Phe - phenylalanine
Val - Valine
Threonine - Threonine
18
Q
TIM
essential amino acids
A
Trp - Tryptophan
Ile - Isoleusine
Met- Methionine
19
Q
HALL
essential amino acids
A
His- Histidine
Arg - arginine
Leu - Leucine
Lys- Lysine
20
Q
What two amino acids are not required for protein synthesis ?
are they essential or non essential?
A
Hyl - hydroxylysine
Hyp- hydroxyproline
21
Q
name the 5 aliphatic amino acids
- Which are non essential
A
Gly- non
ala - Non
val
leu
Ile
22
Q
Name the 5 amino acids with hydroxyl fxn groups
- which are essential
A
Thr - Essential
Ser
Tyr
Hyl
Hyp
23
Q
Name the two amino acids with sulfer fxn group
- which is essential
A
Cys
Met - Essential
24
Q
Name the 4 amino acids with a carboxylic/ amide
A
Asp
Glu
Asn
Gln
(all are non-essential
25
Name the 4 basic amino acids
- which is non essential
Lys
arg
His
Hyl - non essential
26
Name the 4 aromatic amino acids
His
Phe
Trp
Tyr- non-essential
27
what is a pyrrolidine functional group ?
cyclic amine (CH2)4NH
28
Name the 2 amino acids with an pryrrolidine functional group
Pro
Hyp
29
What is the intermediate / amino acid required for Met
homocysteine
- fxn with B12
High levels ass. with atherosclerosis
30
High levels of _____ are ass. with atherosclerosis
homocysteine
31
What vit. does homocysteine fxn with?
B12
32
3 intermediates in biosynthesis of urea
ornithine
citrulline
argosuccinic acid
33
Ornithine is an intermediate for synthesis of _____
synthesis of urea
34
citrulline is an intermediate for synthesis of ____
urea
35
arginosuccinic acid is an intermediate for synthesis of
urea
36
____ is used as a drug for parkinsons disease
L-DOPA
37
L-DOPA is a precursor for biosynthesis of _____
catecholamines
38
Name the three most abundant catecholamines
epinephrine
norepinephrine
dopamine
39
Phenylalanine will produce ____
tyrosine
40
Tryosine is a derivative of _____
phenylalanine
| essential to make a non essential
41
Cathechol decarboxylates to form _____. And is no longer an amino acid then
cathecholamine
42
Cathecholamine is a derivative of ____ that underwent decarboxylation
cathechol
43
_____ horm increases BMR, protein synthesis and cell proliferation
thyroid hormine
44
name the 2 precursors to make thyroid hormone
3-monoiodotyrosine
3,5-diiodotyrosine
(need iodine to make thyroid)
45
what non essential amino acid is the base for iodination to make thyroxine
tyrosine
46
_____ makes vit B5
B-alamine
47
_____ helps with the integrity and fxn of the retina
taurine
-beta amino acid
48
______ helps to make bile
taurocholic
49
taurocholic's base is ___
taurine
50
Gamma-amnobutyric acid is also known as ____
GABA
51
____ inhibites neurotransmitters from glutamate
GABA
52
BABA inhibites neurotransmitters from ___
glutamate
53
_____ means that the molec. are mirror images of each other
enantiomers
54
A chiral molec that deflects polarized light to the left is caled ______
levorotatory (l or - )
55
A chiral molec that deflects polarized light to the right is caled ______
dextrorotatory ( d or + )
56
_______: molec that possesses both pos. and neg charges
Zwitterion
- amino acids can have both a + / - charge
57
at low pH: there is more ___ charge
( + )
| - there is more H+ around in the enviro. so molec. wont donate it
58
at high pH: there is more ___ charge
(-)
| - there is not a lot of H in the enviro., whats to donate it
59
polar molec. are hydro___
hydrophilic
60
polar molec are hydrophilic and can make ___ or ____ bonds
ionic or hydrogen bonds
61
Non-polar molec. are hydro____
hydrophobic
- they do not have ionic charges
62
If the R-group of an amino acid are aromatic they ahve strong ___
UV absorption
63
If an R- group of an amino acid are -OH they can become esterified by _____.
phsphorylation
| alters the protein fxn
64
If R-group of amino acid are -SH they oxidize to form _______ bonds
disulfide
65
Disulfide bonds are usually formed btw two _____ (amino acid)
cysteine
| non-essential amino acid
66
Disulfide bonds involved in redox rxn of ____
antioxidants
67
what does HbAc mean?
Hemoglobin adult, one carbohydrate
68
-OH or -NH2 can form glycoproteins by covalently bonding carb _____ bonds
glycosidic bonds
: covalent bond that joins carb molec to another group
69
___: the rxn in which a carb is attached to a -OH or other fxn group
glycosylation
70
glycohemoglobin means : _____
this is seen in what c.c.?
high levels of blood flucose levels
- diabetes
71
glycohemoglobin is formed by ____ bonds
glycosidic bonds
72
peptides are less then _____ amino acids
10
73
polypeptides are more then ____ amino acids
10
74
Proteins are comprised of many ____
polypeptides
75
Glutathione is a tripeptide made up of ___,__& ____ a.a.
Glu
cys
gly
76
Glutathione (GSH) is a peptide. Its fxn is ___
intracellular antioxidant
77
Peptide substance P is a ______
pain neurotransmitter
78
______: is an 11 a.a peptide in the gut, SC and brain
Substance P
79
_____: is a vasodilating polypeptide
kinins (bradykinin & kallidin)
80
_____ is a vasodilator polypeptide that is derived from proteolytic cleavage
kinin
81
_____: is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or a.a.
Occurs by the hydrolysis of the peptide bond,
Proteolysis
- breaking off the inactive part
82
Name 3 opiopeptides
1. enkaphalins
2. B-endorphin
3. Dynorphin
83
_____: have analgesic actions like opiates
opiopeptides
84
____ is an opiopeptide in the SC
dynorphin
85
_______ structures dictates specific a.a. sequences
primary structures
86
______ structure describes the 3-D structure of protein
tertiary structure
87
Fxn of Hb
transportation of O2 and CO2
| buffers
88
a2B2 is a ___ HbA
adult
89
a2y2 is a _____HbA
| y=gamma
fetal
90
What are three structures on Hb that bind O2
1. Fe
2. His (F8)
3. His (E7) --> hinders Co binding
91
R-form of Hb binds to ____
O2
92
T-form cannot bind to _____ but can bind to _____
cannot bind to O2
| Can bind to CO2
93
Ex of _______: binding of first O2 takes the longest. The rest gets progressively faster. bc the binding O2 changes conformation of other subunits
cooperative allosterism
94
What is the hemoprotein found in M.
myoglobin
95
O2 bound to ____ is a reserve for when pO2 of tissue is low . It then releases for AT synthesis
myoglobin
96
______ is the most abundent protein in the body
collagen
97
_____ is the most abundant aa in collagen, with lots of ___ &_____
glycine
lots of : proline and lysine
