unit 1: Intro and review of organic compounds Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
_____: the science of sub. that occur in living tiss. and the metab, fxn, and excretion of metab wastes of these sub. by the tiss
A
biochemistry
2
Q
_____ is the breakdown of compounds
A
cabolism
3
Q
____ is the building of compounds
A
anabolism
4
Q
def: _______ : originating from within an organism
A
endogenous
5
Q
Where does the body obtain substance that make up the body
A
- endogenous ex: liver making glucose
2. diet
6
Q
What happens when the body catabolizes compounds?
A
releases biochemically available energy
7
Q
_____: occur as salts, free ions or bound to organic molecules
A
inorganic compounds
8
Q
inorganic compounds occur as ____, free ____, or bound to ______
A
salts
ions
organic molec.
9
Q
what makes a compound an “organic compound”
A
carbon compounds
exception is urea
10
Q
What is the one exception of an organic compound ?
A
urea
O= C(NH2)2
11
Q
_____ are the most reactive part of a molec
A
functional group
12
Q
Organic compounds can possess ________ functional groups
A
one or more
13
Q
What is used to classify a compound?
A
functional group
14
Q
Name in order the 6 functional groups that are prioritized from 1 through 6
A
- Carboxyl -COOH
- Aldehyde -CHO
- Ketone - >C=O
- Alcohol -OH
- alkyne Carbon triple bone
15
Q
Carboxyl group
A
-COOH
16
Q
Aldehyde group
A
-CHO
17
Q
Ketone group
A
> C=O
18
Q
Alcohol group
A
-OH
19
Q
alkyne group
A
triple carbon bond
20
Q
Amine group
A
-NH2
21
Q
Ether
A
-ROR
22
Q
Aryl
A
-Ar
23
Q
Halogen
A
-X
24
Q
Alkyl
A
-R
25
Alkane
C-C
26
What is a conjugate ring
a ring that has alternating double bonds
27
What are hydocarbons composed of?
only C and H
28
_______ are single convalent bonds between carbons
alkanes
29
______ alkanes are open chain hydrocarbons
aliphatic
| straight chain
30
_____ are alpha amino acids
alanine
31
equation for H's in an alkane
2n+2
32
___________: are cyclic carbone alkanes
alicyclic (or carbocyclic)
2n
33
_____ are double bonded carbons
alkenes
34
beta-carotene is an example of an alk___
alkene
35
_____ alkenes are open chain hydrocarbons
aliphatic
36
?? _____ are non-aromatic rings
alicyclic
37
____ are conjugated rings that alternate double bonds
aromatic
38
Equation for H's on a alkene
2n
39
_____: two compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
isomer
40
structural isomers are?
two compounds with the same molecular formula but different sructural formulas
41
_____: two molecules that have the same molecular and structural formulas but different spatial arrangement and different properties
stereoisomerism
42
Stereoisomers have the same molecular and structural formula but different _______
spatial arrangement --> the 3D orientation is different
| thus making different properties
43
Cis and trans isomers are ______
stereoisomers
44
_____ are triple bonds btw carbons
alkynes
45
are alkynes found in living tissue?
no
46
-al
aldehyde
47
another name for functional group
alkyl
48
_____: is a functional group derived from from the removal of a hydroxyl group
acyl
49
______ is sugar alcohol
- ol
| - alcohol is insoluble & our body as a fatty chain so it can store it
50
3 alcohols found in living tissue
1. glycerol
2. D-sorbitol
3. cholesterol
51
_____ is a hydroxyl group attached to a cyclic aromatic structure
phenol
52
catacholamine has a _____ structure
phenol
53
_____ is a cyclic=O
quinone
| not aromatic - has double bonds but not conjugate
54
Ubiguinone (Coenzyme Q or CoQ) is a component of the ______ in the ____
electron transport chain in the mitochondria
55
_____ can be formed by the condensation of acid and alcohol
ester
56
Triglycerides are formed from one ___ and three ______
1 glycerol
| 3 fatty acids
57
Amines are formed by : _____
replacing one or more H of the NH3 with an alkyl
58
_____: formed by carboxylic acids and amines
Amide
( amines have an H replaced by a different fxn group. Amides-- has a carboxylic acid
59
______ are used to make amino acid chains
amides
60
carboxylic acid + amine = ____
amide
61
amide bond is a _______ bond
peptide
62
_____: oxygen btw 2 alkyl groups
ether
R-O-R
63
tetrahydrofuran is a ______
cyclic ether
| - a base for carbs
64
tetrahydropyran is a ___
cyclic esther
| - a base for carbs
65
two cyclic ethers that are the bases for carbs
tetrahydrofuran (5 carbons) (5 carbons)
| tetrahydropyran
66
the phospholipid bilayer is embedded with ___ & ___
protein and cholesterol
67
______ : are receptors, transporters, ion channels, cytoskeleton in the cell membrane
protein
68
___: affect fluidity of the cell membrane
cholesterol
69
______: is the soluble part of cytoplasm. contains water soluble cellular sub.
(such as amino acids, glucose, vit. , ions, and enzymes
cytosol
70
______: is a double membrane structure, the power plant of the cell
mitochondria
71
_____ : works to deamination
mitochondria
| removal of amine
72
______:in the cell helps to synthesis urea
mitochondria
73
______: are vesicles with hyrolytic enzymes to degrade intracellular organic compounds
lysomes
74
_______: contains enxymes for glycosylation of proteins
golgi apparatus
- substance sto be secreted from the cell are packed into vesicles
75
Define glycosylation
adding sygar to protein
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_____ : contains enxymes for phospholipid, steroid, proteoglycan synthesis.
Endoplasmic reticulum
77
with ribosomes, _______ systhesis protein
Rough ER
78
_____: vescicles structures that contain oxidase
peroxisome
79
Mitochondria synthesises ATP by a process called ______
oxidative phosphorylation
80
_____ does protein synthesis within the cell
ribosomes
81
cytoplasm stores ____ & ____
glycogen and fat
82
initial catabolism occurs in the ____
cytoplasm
83
The nucleus is surrounded by a ___
nuclear membrane
84
The nucleus contains what 3 things?
chromosomes
nucleolus
nucleoplasm
85
_____: made of rRNA, when complexed with certain proteins form ribosomes
nucleolus
86
_____: contains soluble sub. and enzymes in the cell
Nucleoplasm
87
____: is composed of DNA and proteins
chromosomes
88
_____ are segments of DNA
genes
89
The primary fxn group in amino acids, peptides, and proteins is ____
COOH
90
______: is a compound consistng of repeating structural units
polymer
91
Primary fxn groups in carbohydrates are : _____&____
aldehyde or ketones
92
Fats/oils have ____ fxn group
ester (c=oo)
93
Fatty acids have ____ fxn group
carboxylic acid
94
steroids have _____& _____ fxn groups
alcohol or ketones
95
The primary fxn group in a nucleic acid is ____
phosphoric acid
- polymers are phosphodiester
