Unit 2 CIS 2016 Flashcards by Natalie Hagen

The process of transmitting information from one individual or group to another is the definition of

Communication

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In a democracy the mass media perform the function of

Promoting communication between government and citizens

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Which of the following is true of 20th century media competition in major city newspaper outlets
A. There was much turnover in ownership
B. Ownership was concentrated among a few individuals
C. Cost increases were driven by increased competition
D. Competition remained constant
E. competition decreased

E. competition decreased

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Criticism of talk radio centers on its

Airing of extreme views, which tends to polarize politics

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The Internet was started (when and by whom)

In 1969, with support from the US department of defense

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Private ownership of the media in the United States makes the American news industry

Dependent on advertising revenues

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Which of the following story is most likely to make the televised evening news in the United States
A.A war between to foreign countries not allied with the United States
B.efforts by a developing country to improve healthcare
C.A peaceful transition of government in another country
D.A murder in the city from which of the broadcast originates
E. A successful community event

D. A murder in the city from which of the broadcast originates

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CBS News regularly feature stories on health related issues and prescription drugs because

It has the oldest viewing audience among all network television news programs

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The trend an ownership of mass media in the United States has been toward

Greater concentration of ownership

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Some critics of the telecommunications act of 1996 believe it well

Allow a few giant corporations to control the media

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The broadcast media have historically given more equal treatment to political candidates then have the print media because

The broadcast media have operated under content regulations imposed by the federal communications commission

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Content analysis of network new suggests that most coverage focuses on

The president

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The television hypothesis is the belief that television

Is to blame for the low level of citizens knowledge about public affairs

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Available evidence seems indicate that there are —- among journalist and reporters

Liberal leanings

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In the United States today, the mass media

Provide a two-way channel of communication between people and the government

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The fox effect

Introduced more colorful and conservative coverage

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The now abolished —-obligated broadcasters to discuss public issues and to provide equal coverage of all opinions on those issues

Fairness doctrine

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The televised presidential news conference has developed into an event in which

President and other high-level officials deliver carefully rehearsed answers to anticipated questions

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The media executives, news editorsand prominent reporters who decide which events to report and how to report them are known as

Gatekeepers

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Most politicians and many scholars believe that the media’s greatest influence on politics is its ability to

Set the political agenda

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A story that contains no policy content and is not related to the days events but that commonly discusses popular personalities and is designed to draw greater viewer interest is

Infotainment

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The reasonable access rule required

Broadcasters to make facilities available to all responsible parties in a community wishing to express conflicting views on issues

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Most of the news about the president of the United States comes from

News releases issued by the executive branches staff

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During a presidential election, the tendency of journalists to limit coverage of campaign events to coverage of the candidate who leads in the polls at the time is known as

Horse race journalism

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One reason for the media's impact as a socialization agent is

The fact that the average American child has watched about 19,000 hours of television by the end of high school

The text describes --- as the actions by which private citizen seek to influence or support government and politics

Political participation

Unconventional political activities are most likely to be used by

Groups that have been denied access to the normal channel of influence

Antiwar protesters discouraged present Johnson from seeking reelection, showing that

Unconventional participation can be affective under certain conditions

In the long term, the national government responded to unconventional participation by civil rights activist with

Reforms designed to give minorities greater access to conventional forms of participation

At times, initiatives may work to the advantage of politicians because

Initiatives may free a politician from having to take sides on controversial issues

Although the United States has a much lower voter turnout than do other democracies, Americans may actually work harder at being good citizens because

The United States has far more elections then do other countries

Characteristics frequently associated with nonvoters are

Low education, low income, and being relatively young

On the whole, voter registration laws in the United States

Depress voter turn out

The American emphasis on freedom over equality in political participation works to the benefit of

Those with greater resources

The text define suffrage and franchise as the right to

Vote

The last major expansion of suffrage in the United States involve the criterion of

Age

To ensure stability the objective of political institution and democratic system should be to

Channel participation into conventional activities

A direct primary is a

Preliminary election to choose party candidates

Congress and the states moved quickly to pass the 26th amendment, which lowered the voting age to 18, because they

Hoped to channel student energy away from demonstration and towards a more conventional forms of participation

Which of the following statements best describes the attitude of the American people toward political parties

Americans recognize the value of parties but distrust the existing ones

A political party's primary purpose is to

Get candidates from its party elected to office

An election trend where in voters elect candidates from the political party they do not normally vote for and persist in this behavior for several elections would be identified as

Electoral realignment

Which of the following is an advantage of a two-party system over a multiparty system

Two-party systems force a variety of interest groups and factions to cooperate to win elections

Critics refute the television hypothesis by arguing that

People who are already politically uninterested tend to choose television as their information source

Americans tend to ---- their local government

Demand much from

A distrust of special interest groups and government institutions combined with a belief that mankind is generally trustworthy describes what type of political reformer?

Populist

A bill was passed by the legislature permitting gay marriage in a state. If citizens are asked to vote to approve or disapprove this measure, it is known as a

Referendum

With respect to initiative and referendum mechanisms, the text concludes that

Citizens can exercise significant influence over public policy through them.

The decline in voter participation since 1960 can be attributed in large part to

The belief that government is not responsive, so voting does little good

How does education effect voter turnout

Well educated people are more likely to vote than are their less educated counterparts

Comparisons of the United States with other democracies indicate that strong links between social groups (such as labor unions) and political parties

Increase voter turnout

The original method of choosing candidates by caucus is most consistent with the

Elitist view

The presidency supports the two party system because

The presidency is a big enough political prize that uncomfortable coalitions will be preserves just to win the electoral vote

In 2000, the Republican Partys platform differed from that of the Democrats in

That it focused more on morals and morality

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

The media in the United States have played an important role in advancing equality

Compared with national television news programs, local tv news programs report

Less about government and politics

The authors suggest that television nightly news is no longer a public service, but instead a

Profit center

Critics refute the television hypothesis by arguing that

People who are already politically uninterested tend to choose tv as their information source

If political parties suddenly disappeared, candidates would likely seek recognition on the basis of all the following except

Issue positions

The Era of Good Feeling was characterized by

A lack of party competition

The current partisan makeup of the electorate is best described as a

Almost equal balance among democrats, republicans, and independents

Which of the following best describes congressional campaign committees

They supplement the funds raised by individual congressional candidates

During the 1970's and 1980's the Republican Part undertook

Extensive organizational reforms to make it more effective in raising money and providing better support to its candidates

The election of 1824 was the first to feature

Selection of presidential electors by popular vote in most states

If the U.S. system of single-member districts with plurality voting were replaced with a system of proportional representation, one possible consequence would be

A movement toward a multiparty system

A local party organization that differs dramatically from the national party organization in positions on issues and attempt to ignore national party efforts at controlling the local organization would probably be unsuccessful because of

The money collected and distributed by national committees

Since the 1970's, party loyalty in congress appears to have

Risen

Which of the following principles is not part of the responsible party government model?

Legislators should be responsive to their constituencies, even if doing so means voting against their party's program.

Which category best applies to the Socialist Party?

Party of ideological protest

Political machines-centralized party organizations at the local level that dominates politics by controlling local elections declined because

Government began to provide the social services that had been the basis of popular loyalty and support for the machines

The style and tactics of contemporary presidential campaigns are controlled primarily by

A candidates personal campaign organization

Compared with political parties in most other democratic countries, political parties in the United States

Grant ordinary party voters far more power over the nomination process.

What fraction of regular party voters will vote in a primary election?

1/2

Presidential candidates are officially nominated by

Delegates at the party's national convention

A state moves its primary to an earlier date to encourage presidential candidates who would otherwise have skipped that state to campaign there. This is known as

Front loading

Which of the following is a consequence of the presidential nomination process in the United States

Candidates who win the nomination do so mainly on their own and owe little or nothing to the national party organization

By national law --- of the seats in the House if representatives and ---- of the seats in the Senate are filled in a general election held every even numbered year.

All ; one third

Each state has one vote in the electoral college for

Each of its representatives and senators

Historically, public opinion polls have shown that Americans ( regarding the electoral college)

Oppose the electoral college

Strictly speaking, the presidential election is a --- election? Not a national election

Federal

Soft Money

Money that is donated to party committees

527 committees enjoy tax exempt status of they

Are not associated with political parties and take positions on issues that do not support specific candidates

Which of the following originates in the United States and remains peculiar to us?

Primary elections

Running a federal rather than a national election means that

The electoral vote system gives weight to state results and not simply to the popular vote

Until the 1950's, political campaigns were conducted primarily

Through political party organizations

A primary election on which voters must declare their party affiliation before they are given the primary ballot is a ________ priamry

Closed

The term applied when candidates silently begin lining up their support for the next race soon after one election ends is

Invisible primary

The primary goal of interest groups is to

Influence public opinion

Which of the following statements best reflects American attitudes toward interest groups

On the whole, Americans feel that interest groups further equality

______ Believe that interest groups further democracy by broadening representation within the system.

Pluralist

From a strategic point of view, PAC's are primarily interested in donating money to candidates who

Are incumbents with with power in the PAC's area of interest

527s differ from PACs in that they

Can accept contributions of unlimited size

Any increase in lobbying regulations conflicts with

The right to petition the government outlines in the Fist Amendment

In recent years, organized labors share of the workforce has

Declined

Americans who are most likely to join interest groups are

Wealthy and well educated

An important idea of pluralist theory is that

New interest groups naturally form when the need arises

A strategy that relies on a group representatives personal contact with policymakers is

Direct lobbying

Which of the following involves an interest groups rank and file membership as well as outreach to ordinary people outside the organization

Grassroots lobbying

Unit 2 CIS 2016 Flashcards

(98 cards)