Unit 2 Concept 3 - Cell Cycle

Question 1

what happens from an egg to a sperm?

Answer 1

fertilization

Question 2

what happens from a sperm to an embryo?

Answer 2

sperm and egg transport

Question 3

cell differentiation

Answer 3

process that creates special structures/functions

Question 4

embryonic stem cells

Answer 4

cells that have never been differentiated

Question 5

adult stem cells

Answer 5

cells found in adult bone marrow that are partially differentiated and can become bone, blood, cartilage, fat, and connective tissue

Question 6

organism

Answer 6

one individual member of a species

Question 7

organ system

Answer 7

set of organs working together

Question 8

organ

Answer 8

set of tissues working together

Question 9

tissue

Answer 9

groups of cells working together

Question 10

cell

Answer 10

most basic unit of life and has all characteristics of life

Question 11

2 purposes for cell cycle

Answer 11

growth and repair

Question 12

cell cycle

Answer 12

repeated pattern of growth, DNA duplication

Interphase (G1, S, G2)
Mitosis (PMAT)
Cytokinesis

Question 13

interphase

Answer 13

the growth phase of the cell cycle

G1, S, G2

Question 14

G1

Answer 14

cell grows and makes proteins

Question 15

S

Answer 15

DNA replication occurs

Question 16

G2

Answer 16

more cell growth and protein synthesis

Question 17

chromosome

Answer 17

1 long continuous thread of DNA that consists of thousands of genes and regulatory information (46)

Question 18

gene

Answer 18

section of DNA that contains the instructions for making proteins

Question 19

chromatid

Answer 19

one half of a duplicated chromosome

Question 20

sister chromatids

Answer 20

2 identical chromatids

Question 21

centromere

Answer 21

region of the condensed chromosomes that looks pinched

Question 22

telomere

Answer 22

ends of the DNA molecule

Question 23

mitosis

Answer 23

division phase of the cell cycle, 1 cell becomes 2 identical daughter cells

PMAT

Question 24

prophase

Answer 24

prepare, chromosomes condense and are visible

Question 25

metaphase

Answer 25

middle, spindle fibers connect to the centromere of each sister chromatid

Question 26

anaphase

Answer 26

apart, sister chromatids seperate, pulling away from each other and becoming individual chromosomes

Question 27

telophase

Answer 27

chromosomes decondense and start to look like chromatin again

Question 28

cytokinesis

Answer 28

division of the cytoplasm into 2 individual cells

Question 29

cytokinesis plant cells

Answer 29

cell plate forms midway between divided nuclei and gradually develops into a membrane

Question 30

cytokinesis animal cells

Answer 30

forms a clearage furrow that pinches the cell into 2 equal parts

Question 31

end result of cytokinesis

Answer 31

2 identical body cells

Question 32

how often do cells divide?

Answer 32

every cell divides at a different rate

Question 33

why do body cells divide?

Answer 33

growth and repair