Unit 2 - Concepts

Question 1

What are the two main concepts involved in population growth?

Answer 1

Rate of natural increase (RNI) and the demographic equation

Question 2

What does the demographic equation utilize to show population growth?

Answer 2

Birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration statistics

Question 3

What is the birth rate also known as?

Answer 3

Natality

Question 4

How is the crude birth rate (CBR) calculated?

Answer 4

Number of Live Births/Total Population x 1,000

Question 5

Which countries typically have high birth rates?

Answer 5

Rural agricultural Third-World countries

Question 6

Which countries typically have low birth rates?

Answer 6

Urbanized industrial and service-based economies

Question 7

What is the death rate also known as?

Answer 7

Mortality rate

Question 8

How is the crude death rate (CDR) calculated?

Answer 8

Number of Deaths/Total Population x 1,000

Question 9

What factors contribute to high death rates in a country?

Answer 9

War, disease, or famine

Question 10

What is the rate of natural increase (RNI)?

Answer 10

Annual percentage of population growth for that country

Question 11

How is RNI calculated?

Answer 11

Birth Rate - Death Rate/10%

Question 12

What does a negative RNI indicate?

Answer 12

The population has shrunk

Question 13

What is the formula for Doubling Time?

Answer 13

70/Rate of Natural Increase

Question 14

What is the Net Migration Rate (NMR)?

Answer 14

Number of immigrants minus number of emigrants for every thousand members of the population

Question 15

How is the Population Growth Percentage Rate calculated?

Answer 15

(Birth Rate - Death Rate) + Net Migration Rate/10%

Question 16

What is the total fertility rate (TFR)?

Answer 16

Estimated average number of children born to each female of birthing age (15 to 45)

Question 17

What TFR is considered the replacement rate?

Answer 17

2.1

Question 18

What does the dependency ratio represent?

Answer 18

Number of people too young or too old to work compared to the workforce

Question 19

What is the demographic transition model (DTM)?

Answer 19

Theory of how population changes over time

Question 20

What does the epidemiological transition model (ETM) account for?

Answer 20

Development due to increasing population growth rates caused by medical advances

Question 21

What is the S-Curve of Population?

Answer 21

Describes rapid population growth followed by a plateau or decline

Question 22

What characterizes Stage One of the demographic transition model?

Answer 22

Pre-agricultural societies with high birth and death rates

Question 23

What is the RNI typically like in Stage One?

Answer 23

Generally low or negative

Question 24

What characterizes Stage Two of the demographic transition model?

Answer 24

Agriculturally based economies with high birth rates and declining death rates

Question 25

What is characteristic of Stage Three in the demographic transition model?

Answer 25

Shift to service-based economies with declining birth and death rates

Question 26

What occurs in Stage Four and Five of the demographic transition model?

Answer 26

Birth and death rates converge, leading to limited population growth or decline

Question 27

What does zero population growth (ZPG) mean?

Answer 27

Birth rates reach the same level as death rates

Question 28

What does Malthusian Theory state?

Answer 28

Global population may expand to the point where food production cannot meet demand

Question 29

What do Neo-Malthusians warn about?

Answer 29

Potential for a Malthusian catastrophe due to sustainability issues

Question 30

What are population pyramids used for?

Answer 30

Visualizing the population structure, gender, and age distribution

Question 31

What are the two main ways to calculate population density?

Answer 31

* Arithmetic density * Physiologic density

Question 32

What are migrants generally defined as?

Answer 32

People who voluntarily move from location to location

Question 33

What is internal migration?

Answer 33

Movement from one region of the country to another

Question 34

What is transnational migration?

Answer 34

Movement from one country to another

Question 35

What are push factors?

Answer 35

Specific things about the rural landscape that force people off the farm

Question 36

What are pull factors?

Answer 36

Specific things about cities that attract people