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History 30 > Unit 2- Early Cultures In Canada > Flashcards

Unit 2- Early Cultures In Canada Flashcards

1
Q

How did the Europeans first find North America

A

It was by accident
They tried to find a back way to Asia and didn’t realize it was North America

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2
Q

What did the Europeans find in North America (4pts)

A

-Timber
-Fish
-Gold
-Fur

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3
Q

How did trade cause conflict in North America

A

-The FN fought for a chance to trade with the Europeans
-They became dependent on the European goods like metal and guns

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4
Q

Why did the FN’s start dying off

A

The Europeans came with diseases they weren’t immune to

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5
Q

Acculturation

A

The process of 2 of more cultures interacting with eachother

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6
Q

4 types of acculturation

A

-Annihilation
-Segregation
-Assimilation
-Accomodation

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7
Q

Annihilation and example

A

One culture feels superior to another. The “stronger one” feels it has the right to destroy the weaker culture.

Ex: Nazi/Jewish people- 6 million Jewish people were killed during the Holocaust in WW2

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8
Q

Segregation and example

A

The “stronger” culture wants to protect themselves from contamination or change. So the weaker culture is separated or isolated so this can’t occur

Ex: Apartheid- In 1948 race laws didn’t allow interracial marriages, jobs were for whites only

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9
Q

Assimilation and example

A

When a “weaker” culture comes into contact with a “superior” culture. People from the smaller culture are taught to understand and practice the bugger culture. The weaker change over time and become part of the stronger culture till they no longer exist.

Ex: Aboriginal people of Canada- missionaries converted them to the European religion with residential schools

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10
Q

Accommodation and example

A

Two cultures come into contact and their relationship evolves with allows each culture to retain their way of life. They interact with each others culture and share in an equal basis

Ex: Canada- mosaic of cultures

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11
Q

What land did the French claim as their own

A

The St.Lawrence river

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12
Q

What did Samuel De Champlain send his men to do with their native allies
(3pts)

A

-Encourage Trade
-Learn their language and customs
-map the area

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13
Q

Who did Champlain send to make the FN human and what did they do

A

He sent the Recollect Friars to
-Relocate the FN to farms
-Wear European clothing
-Speak French

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14
Q

Who were the second missionaries to come to New France

A

The Jesuit’s

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15
Q

What did the Jesuits do

A

They lived with the FN people
Learned their language, customs, and ways of life
They converted one soul at a time

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16
Q

What is the Seigneurial System

A

Land was arranged in long strips called seiagneuries along the banks of the St.Lawrence

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17
Q

Where did the British go when they arrived in North America

A

Hudson’s Bay

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18
Q

Why did the British go to Hudson’s bay (4pts)

A

-It bypassed the French at the St.Lawrence river
-It reached farther inland for new customers
-They moved around the French to deal with the Cree
-Large vessels would sail right into the bay to unload cargo

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19
Q

What is Rupert’s land

A

An area “awarded” to the Hudson’s Bay company as their exclusive trading area. It reached from the Pacific to the Northern Atlantic

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20
Q

How did the British trade with FN

A

The Hudson’s Bay company built many trading posts along the shores and waited for the FN people to come and trade

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21
Q

How did the French trade with the FN

A

The French sent traders to make contact with the FN people in their own villages

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22
Q

When was the Seven years war

A

1756-1763

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23
Q

What is the treaty of Paris

A

France signed away North America
They gave up:
-St.Lawrence
-Acadia
-Ohio valley
-The Great Lakes
-French Louisiana

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24
Q

What did France get in the treaty of Paris

A

St.Pierre and Miquelon

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25
Q

The Royal proclamation 1763 (3pts)

A

First attempt at Britain ruling North America
-Quebec was created
Nova Scotia expanded
-Ohio valley became off limits

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26
Q

Goal of the Royal Proclamation

A

Britain wanted to demolish the French by settling them with English settlers

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27
Q

Government under the Royal Proclamation

A

Consisted of British governor and appointed council of rich English men

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28
Q

What did the royal proclamation do to Quebec

A

Made it smaller

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29
Q

Why did settler not want to go to Quebec(3pts)

A

-Cold
-Foreign land they don’t know how to farm
-Too many French

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30
Q

What was the Quebec Act made for

A

To make the French happy and loyal, not moving with the Americans for war

31
Q

Government under the Quebec Act (2 people, 1pt)

A

Appointed British governor,
Appointed council,
But now French men were allowed on the appointed council

32
Q

What did the Quebec Act do for Quebec

A

Made it bigger

33
Q

What and why was the Constitutional Act made-1791 (3pts)

A

-A 3rd attempt at British ruling Canada
-To make a representative government
-The British didn’t want to lose another colony like the USA so they addressed concerns to make Canadians happy

34
Q

What areas were created in Canada

A

Upper Canada- upstream with mostly English
Lower Canada- downstream with mostly French

35
Q

Constitutional Act new government structure (5pts)

A
36
Q

The Executive and Legislative Council

A

They were a privileged group that controlled colonial commercial and political life.

They were an oligarchy (ruled by few)

37
Q

How was the legislative Assembly picked

A

They were elected

38
Q

Who and what was the Legislative Assembly
(5pts)

A

-They created laws that were approved by the councils and governor
-No women or FN
-Males who owned or rented lots of property
-They weren’t paid so they had to be wealthy
-Open ballot elections with lots of bribes

39
Q

What was the government of 1791 like (3pts)

A

-Representative (they had an elected assembly)
-Not democratic or fair
-Not responsible or did what was asked

40
Q

What was the North West passage

A
41
Q

Who was Henry Hudson and what did he do (4pts)

A

-He discovered Hudson’s Bay
-His ships became trapped by the ice and they were stranded for the winter
-In the spring he told them to keep exploring and his crew left him with his son and loyal crew in a small boat
-Henry Hudson was then never seen again

42
Q

Why was the French colony of Louisbourg important to France and England

A

It was a sea port to St Lawrence

43
Q

Why did France and England fight over the Ohio Valley

A

-France wanted it for fur trade
-England wanted it to farm

44
Q

Describe the tragedy of what happened to the French Acadians

A

The French Acadians wouldn’t choose sides or sign an oath to the British and the British found then a threat so they deported 7000 of the to barbatos and southern USA

45
Q

Where did the final battle between the French and English take place

A

Plains of Abraham/ Quebec city

46
Q

What did the French get after the 7 years war

A

Island of Guadalupe

47
Q

What is the Boston Tea Party

A

People reacted negatively when a tax was put in tea. Settlers dressed as Indians stormed the Boston harbour and threw all the tea into the harbour

48
Q

Who fought against the Americans

A

British soldiers
British loyalists
FN allies

49
Q

Who did the Americans encourage to join them

A

Quebec, but they weren’t unhappy with where they were at that point

50
Q

Why did France do for the Americans and why

A

They began to aid the American military
Get revenge against the British
Regain land in North America

51
Q

What did British loyalists do once the American Revolution came to an end

A

They fled new “America” and came to Quebec and Nova Scotia

52
Q

3 groups of people with Quebec

A

-FN
-French
-English speaking British loyalists

53
Q

Why did they explore the North West passage

A

They found North America but still wanted a path to Asia

54
Q

Why did the war of 1812 start
(3pts)

A

-The Americans thought Canada would be easy to capture since Britain was busy fighting Europe

-Britain blocked France so the USA couldn’t trade with France

-Britain stopped American ships to search for British citizens and would then send them to war.

55
Q

What happened in June 1812

A

USA declares war against Britain and makes plans to invade Canada

56
Q

What happened in November 1812

A

The Americans were able to capture York (Toronto) and the capital. The Americans burned much of Quebec

57
Q

What happened in June 1813

A

Americans were pushed out of York and eventually pushed past the boarder

58
Q

What happened in 1814

A

The British took control of Washington and burned the White House but they eventually suffered a crushing defeat

59
Q

When was the peace treaty of the War of 1812 signed

A

December 24th,1814

60
Q

Who won the war of 1812

A

The Americans
They lost in the battlefield but where given Ohio Valley in the peace treaties

61
Q

Who lost the war if 1812

A

The FN
they weren’t allowed at the negotiating table and were being forced out of the Ohio valley

62
Q

Who broke even in the war of 1812

A

The Canadians
Didn’t gain or lose land the borders remained the same

63
Q

What is nomadic

A

Being always on the move searching for food

64
Q

What is sedentary

A

Permanent villages

65
Q

Where was the land bridge

A

Sea levels were low 20,000 years ago so they existed between Asia and North America (Russia and Alaska)

66
Q

How did the first humans come to America

A

It’s believed that nomadic hunters followed the wooly mammoth approximately 15,000 years ago into North America

67
Q

What is world view

A

A way of looking at life and the world around you

68
Q

What FN group aligned with the British

A

The Iroquois

69
Q

What FN group aligned with the French

A

The Hurons

70
Q

The Eastern woodlands (2pts)

A

-Nomadic
-Known for canoes and snowshoes

71
Q

Plains (3pts)

A

-Nomadic
-known for roots, berries, tobacco, deer, and bison
-Used horses

72
Q

Pacific Coast (2pts)

A

-Sedentary
-known as fishermen with canoes for 50 people and giant totem poles

73
Q

Methods of hunting buffalo (3pts)

A

-Ride beside them and shoot full of arrows
-Built a big fence, trap them in it and then shoot with arrows
-Cliff diving: chase a group of buffalo if a steep drop

74
Q

Who lived in the St.Lawrence Valley (1pt)

A

Mostly the Iroquois Confederation

History 30 (10 decks)

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