Unit 2- Earths Building Blocks

Question 1

When did the universe start?

Answer 1

13.7 billion years ago

Question 2

When was the earth formed?

Answer 2

4.6 billion years ago

Question 3

What do we study to determine the Earths age?

Answer 3

Meteorites

Question 4

How do we think Earth and other planets are formed?

Answer 4

Collisions in the disc-shaped cloud of material that also formed the sun.

Question 5

True or False: Earth’s mantle formed first.

Answer 5

False: The Earths core formed first.

Question 6

What captured the gases making up the Earth’s atmosphere?

Answer 6

Gravity

Question 7

What caused the rise of mountains and volcanos?

Answer 7

The collisions of plate tectonics.

Question 8

Who is Aldo Leopold?

Answer 8

The father of of wildlife and ecology who wrote the book A Sand Country Almanac.

Question 9

Who is Rachel Carson?

Answer 9

An American marine biologist who wrote the book Silent Spring.

Question 10

True or False: The order of the Earth from inner to outer is inner core-> outer core-> mantle->crust

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What is another name for the crust and mantle?

Answer 11

Lithosphere

Question 12

How deep is the Earth

Answer 12

6 378km

Question 13

True or False: The Earth is 50% ocean.

Answer 13

False: It is 70% ocean.

Question 14

When did the Earth’s atmosphere form?

Answer 14

4 billion years ago

Question 15

3.5 billion years ago photosynthetic organisms called ______ evolved

Answer 15

Cyanobacteria

Question 16

What are cyanobacteria, and what is a colony called?

Answer 16

Phylum of bacteria that obtain energy through photosynthesis, and are the only photosynthetic prokaryotes able to produce oxygen. Colony called stromatolites.

Question 17

When did the great oxidation event occur, and what did it produce?

Answer 17

Occurred 2.4 billion years ago and formed the ozone layer.

Question 18

When did multicellular life form?

Answer 18

1.2 billion years ago

Question 19

When did land plants form?

Answer 19

475 million years ago

Question 20

When did Dinosaurs form and go extinct?

Answer 20

Formed- 240 million years ago

Extinct- 66 million years ago

Question 21

When did the earliest mammals form?

Answer 21

210 million years ago

Question 22

When did modern humans form?

Answer 22

200 000 years ago

Question 23

What is uniformitarianism?

Answer 23

Principle that the same gradual and nearly the same processes are operating now and have operated in the past.

Question 24

True of false: Precambrian accounts for 85% of geologic time.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What percentage of species went extinct over the five mass extinction events?

Answer 25

75%

Question 26

Who is the scientist who between 1797 and 1875 noticed the layering of rocks?

Answer 26

Sir Charles Lyell

Question 27

When cartographer in 1598 speculated shifted continents?

Answer 27

Abraham Ortelius

Question 28

Which scientist came up with the theory of continental drift in 1912?

Answer 28

Alfred Wegener

Question 29

True or False: There are 10 major plates and 4 minor plates.

Answer 29

False: There are 7 major and 7 minor plates.

Question 30

What is topography?

Answer 30

Changes in elevation over a particular area resulting most often from two process: deposition and erosion.

Question 31

What is mechanical weathering?

Answer 31

Also known as physical weathering- when substances like wind, water and ice erode rocks.

Question 32

Ice freezing and thawing in fractures of rocks widening the cracks is an example of what?

Answer 32

Mechanical weathering

Question 33

What is chemical weathering?

Answer 33

Breaking down rocks using substances.

Question 34

Rocks formed at high temperature and pressure exposed to surface conditions and becoming unstable is an example of what?

Answer 34

Chemical Weathering

Question 35

What is a mineral? Give an example.

Answer 35

A naturally occurring inorganic substance. Ex. Quartz

Question 36

What is a rock? Give an example.

Answer 36

Rocks are composed of minerals and have great variety in characteristics, composition and age. Ex. marble

Question 37

What are the three types of rocks?

Answer 37

Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.

Question 38

Igneous forms from ____, sedimentary forms from _____, and metamorphic forms from _____.

Answer 38

Molten rock, debris eroded from other rocks, rocks changed by heat and/or pressure.

Question 39

What are the two types of ingneous rock?

Answer 39

Intrusive and Extrusive

Question 40

Cooled lava is an example of what?

Answer 40

Igneous rock

Question 41

Limestone, shale, sandstone and organic sediments are an example of what?

Answer 41

Sedimentary rock

Question 42

Marble and slate are an example of what?

Answer 42

Metamorphic rock.

Question 43

What are three precious metals that come from the earths crust?

Answer 43

Gold, Silver, Copper

Question 44

Give an example of two native elements.

Answer 44

Gold and Diamond

Question 45

True of False: Mining is an unsustainable practice because of its focus on depleting raw natural resources.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

What is another name for columbite-tantalite?

Answer 46

Coltan

Question 47

What are some major issues with mining Colton in the Congo?

Answer 47

Illegal extraction, unfair work condition