unit 2 exam Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
morphology of insects (head)
A
labrum, labium, mandible, maxilla, palps
2
Q
mandible
A
upper, articulating jaw
3
Q
maxilla
A
lower, non-articulating jaw
4
Q
morphology of insects (thorax)
A
pronotum, mesonotum, metanotum, legs, gills(maybe)
5
Q
leg parts
A
coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus, tarsal claw (maybe)
6
Q
abdomen
A
gills may be present
7
Q
sclerite
A
hardened plate covering a segment
8
Q
tergite
A
sclerite on dorsal side
9
Q
sternite
A
sclerite on ventral side
10
Q
skaters
A
ski on water surface (water striders, fishing spiders)
11
Q
planktonic
A
float in water column (copepods, daphnia)
12
Q
divers
A
swim on surface by rowing legs like oars (back-swimmers, diving water beetle)
13
Q
swimmers
A
fish-like swimming motion (prong-gilled mayflies, water tigers)
14
Q
clingers
A
hold in to benthic substrate/submerged plants (flathead mayflies, free caddisflies)
15
Q
sprawlers
A
stretch out on surfaces of leaves/substrate )square-gilled mayflies, skimmer dragonflies)
16
Q
climbers
A
hold on to aquatic plants/sub. roots (darner dragonflies)
17
Q
burrowers
A
burrow into benthic sediments (midges, burrowing mayflies, cranefly larvae)
18
Q
scraper-grazer
A
eat algae like cow (snails, mayflies)
19
Q
shredders
A
eat leaves/organic matter (stoneflies, mayflies, caddisflies, beetles)
20
Q
collector-gatherers
A
consume CPOM, spins nets (caddisflies, mayflies, true flies)
21
Q
collector-filterers
A
consume FPOM (muscles, true flies)
22
Q
piercer-gaugers
A
pierce into aquatic plants (true bugs)
23
Q
piercer-predators
A
pierce into prey to drink bodily fluids (true bugs)
24
Q
engulfer-predators
A
consume entire body of prey (hellgrammites, dragonflies, beetles)
25
Ephemeroptera (order)
Mayflies
26
characteristics of Ephemeroptera
-temporary, lotic, and lentic
-rocky bottom of 2nd, 3rd order streams
-subimago and imago stages
27
major families of Ephemeroptera
Ameletide, Baetidae, Caenidae, Ephemerellidae, Ephemeridae, Heptageniidae, Isonychiidae, Leptophelbiidae
28
Ameletidae
-"colorful"
-fringed caudal filaments with colored band
29
Baetidae
Minnow mayflies
fast and tiny
-2 long curving and reduced middle filament
30
Caenidae
Square-gilled Mayfly
-operculate gills
-very tiny, more lentic
-Caenis sp.
31
Ephemerellidae
Spiny Crawler Mayfly
-gills only on mid segments
32
Ephemeridae
Burrower Mayfly
-dorsal gulls with fringe
-tusks present
-tibia and femur used for burrowing
33
Heptageniidae
Flathead Mayfly
-large, upwards eyes
-extremely flattened
-clingers
34
Isonychiidae
Brush-legged Mayfly
-cream colored strip
-brushed/fringed appendages
-Isonychia sp.
35
Leptophelbiidae
Prong-gilled Mayfly
-big red eyes
-long antennae
-square head
36
Plecoptera (order)
Stoneflies
37
characteristics of Plecoptera
lotic clean headwaters, microhabitats, shredders, predators, drumming dialects
38
major families in Plecoptera
Capniidae, Chloroperdiiae, Leutridae, Nemouridae, Perlodidae, Perlidae, Peltoperlidae, Pterocharcyidae, Taeniopterygidae
39
Chloroperdiae
Green Stonefly
-light olive
-non-diverging wing pads
40
Leuctridae
Rolled-winged Stonefly
-tiny!
-yellow/orange
-bare (no hairs/spines)
41
Nemouridae
-triangular head
-divergent wing pads
-cervical gills
42
Perlodidae
-wedge-shaped head
-diverging hindwings
-less noticable
43
Perlidae
Common Stonefly
-larger
-colorful/ornate
-gilled fringes
Perlestia sp., Acronuria sp., Neuperia sp.
44
Peltoperlidae
Roachlike Stonefly
-modified pronotum
-tapered abdomen
-rounded
Peltoperia sp.
45
Taeniopterygidae
Winter Stonefly
-strongly divergent wingpads
-adults emerge in winter
46
Pteroharcyidae
Giant Stonefly
-divergent wing pads
-bristles
-gill tufts
47
Trichoptera (order)
caddisflies
48
Trichoptera characteristics
lentic, lotice, cool ,warm, plant matter CPOM, casemakers, retreat casemakers, closed casemakers, holometabolous, vermiform
49
Trichoptera major families
Glossomatidae, Helicopsychidae, Hydropsychidae, Lepidostomatidae, Leptoceridae, Limnephilidae, Philoptamidae, Pheyganeidae, Rhyacophilidae, Uenoidae
50
Glassomatidae
Saddlecase Maker
-different sized small pebbles
-1/2 fleshy 2 and 3 segments
-no prosternum horn
-no fleshy side humps
51
Helicopsychidae
Snailcase Maker
-spiral case
-sediments particles used
52
Hydropsychidae
Common Netspinner
-variation in color, no case made
-3 prominent sclerites
-branched filamentis gill s
-Cheumatropsychid
-Potamyiaflava
53
Lepidostomatidae
Lepidostomatid
-rectangular cases with squares
-bark and leaf fragments
-pronotum entirely covered, half mesonotum
-fleshy humps on sides
54
Leptoceridae
Longhorned Casemaker
-long back legs going forward
-variable cases
-sclerite on pronotum, lighter on mesonotum, fleshy metanotum
55
Limnephilidae
N. Casemaker
-shaggy cases (plant)
-fleshy hump on sides of first segments
-possess horn on underside
56
Philopotamidae
Fingernet Caddisfly
-free-living
-yellow, orange, cream color
-darker head/prothorax
-sclerite on pronotum
-t-shaped labrum
57
Pheyganeidae
Giant Case Maker
-paint pattern on face
-rectangular case
-successive spiral pattern
-sclerite on 9th segment only
58
Rhyacophilidae
Free-living Caddisfly
-somewhat sclerotized on prothorax
-green, purple, white
59
Uenoidae
Uenoid Caddisfly
-more body exposure
-fleshy humps on sides
-prosternum horn present
60
Diptera (order)
true flies
61
Diptera characteristics
vermiform, holometabolous, no true legs as larva, shredders, grazers, predators, parasites, crawlers, swimmers, burrowers
62
not true legs
prolegs, creeping welts, suctorial discs
63
Diptera major families
Nematocera, Brachycera (subs), Certopogonidae, Chaoboridae, Chironomidae, Culicidae, Tipulidae/Pediciidae, Simuliidae, Athericidae, Empidiae, Tabanidae
64
Nematocera
elongated flies, multisegmented antennae, horizontal mandibles
65
Ceratopogonidae
Biting Midges
-can infect livestock
-snake like
66
Chaoboridae
Phantom Midges
-translucent bodies
-stout antennae with long bristles
67
Chironomidae
Non-biting Midges
-large family
-red apperance
68
Culicidae
Mosquitoes
-lentic favoring
-wigglers
-broad and sclerotized heads
-compressed
69
Tipulidae/Pediciidae
Craneflies
-elongated
-maggot like
70
Simuliidae
Black Flies
-tiny
-suctorial discs at anal end
71
Athericidae
Snipe Flies
-tube-shaped with prolegs
-Atherix lantha
72
Empididae
Dance Flies
-2 anal prolegs downwards
73
Tabanidae
Deer Flies/ Horse Flies
-creeping welts around each segment
74
Odonata (order)
dragonflies and damselflies
75
Odonata characteristics
hemimetabolous, burrowers, sprawlers, climbers, lentic favoring, clingers, predators, folded labia
76
Anisoptera
Dragonflies
77
Aeshnidae
Darner Dragonfly
-flat labium
-colorful adults
-Anax junius
78
Gomphidae
Clubtail dragonfly
-flat labium
-short, stout antennae (4 segments)
-hairy
79
Libellulidae
Skimmer dragonfly
-scoop shaped labiu,
80
Zygoptera
Damselflies
81
Calopterygidae
Broad-winged damselfly
-"helicopter"
-median cleft
greatly elongated 1st antenna segment
82
Coengrionidae
Narrow-winged damselfly
-broad head
-striped through eyes
-pointed
-shortened antenna
83
Lestidae
Spread-winged damselflies
-small and delicate
-spoon labium
84
Megaloptera (order)
alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies
85
Megaloptera characteristics
holometabolous, large vermiform, spiracles, predators, pinchers, fleshy filamentous appendages, filamentous gills ventrally
86
Megaloptera families
Corydalidae (hellgrammites), Sialidae (alderflies)
87
Coleoptera (order)
beetles
88
Coleoptera characteristics
vermiform with legs, elytra, true mandibles, lotic, lentic, holometabolous
89
major Coleoptera families
Dytiscidae, Elmidae, Gyrinidae, Haliplidae, Hydrophilidae, Psephenidae
90
Dytiscidae
Predaceous Diving Beetle
-ponds
-yellow and black
-dense hydrofuge hairs
91
Elmidae
Riffle beetle
-double tarsal claw
-crawl only
-granules (indentations)
92
Gyrinidae
Whirigig beetle
-speed boats
-aquatic but not in water
93
Haliplidae
Crawling Water Beetle
-double tarsi claw
94
Hydrophilidae
Water Scavengers
-lentic favoring
-mandibles seen in larva
-very shiny elytra
-hydrofuge hairs
95
Psephenidae
Water pennies
-commonly found in larva
-Sephenis sp.
-Extopria sp.
96
Hemiptera (order)
true bugs
97
Hemiptera characteristics
rostrum, raptorial legs, air store, lentic favoring
98
air store
surrounding air bubble capable by diffusion but not permanent due to nitrogen
99
Hemiptera families
Belostomatidae, Gerridae, Corixidae, Naucoridae, Nepidae, Notonectidae, Veliidae
100
Belostomatidae
Giant Waterbug
-strong swimmers and fliers
-ponds
-prime predators
Belastoma sp., Letnocerius sp.
101
Corixidae
Water Boatman
-swims dorsal side up
-scutellum prominent
-ponds and streams
102
Gerridae
Water Strider
-living on water surface
-hydrofuge hairs
-pulse communication
-predators
103
Naucordiae
Creeping Waterbug
-small with big red eyes
-lentic
-painful bite
BICEPS
104
Nepidae
Water Scorpion
-spike like caudal filaments
-long raptorial legs
-ponds
105
Notonectidae
Backswimmers
-swims ventral side up
-tapered thorax (neck)
-lentic
-good flies
-fast
106
Veliidae
Broad shoulder Water Strider
-tiny version
-pond, lake, rivers
