unit 2 exam Flashcards
1
Q
hydroxyl group
A
-OH
2
Q
carbonyl group
A
C=O
3
Q
carboxyl group
A
-COOH
4
Q
amino group
A
-NH2
5
Q
sulfhydryl group
A
-SH
6
Q
Phosphate group
A
-OPO2 (2-)
7
Q
methyl group
A
-CH3
8
Q
polar covalent bond
A
molecule that not symmetrically charged
9
Q
nonpolar covalent bond
A
molecule thats symmetrically charged
10
Q
hydrophillic
A
water-loving
11
Q
hydrophobic
A
water-fearing
12
Q
valance for C H O N
A
4, 1, 2, 3
13
Q
structural isomer
A
identical chemicals but different covalent partners
14
Q
geometric isomer
A
identical chemical formulas with different orientation of atoms around a double covalent bond
15
Q
enantiomer (isomer)
A
identical chemicals with different orientation around the C atom
16
Q
dehydration synthesis
A
joining of two monomers by removing water
17
Q
organic chemicals
A
has organic carbon atoms
18
Q
Proteins and Nucleic Acids have CHO and
A
Nitrogen
19
Q
Proteins have CHON and
A
Sulfer
20
Q
Nucleic Acids have CHON and
A
Phosphorus
21
Q
the function of proteins is that they
A
catalyze reactions and transport substrates
22
Q
the function of lipis is
A
to provide energy, act as hormones, and make up cell membranes
23
Q
the function of nucleic acids is
A
to store genetic information and gene expression
24
Q
the function of carbohydrates is
A
to provide support and provide energy
25
monomer of proteins
amino acids
26
polymer of proteins
polypeptide
27
monomer/polymer of lipids
NONE
28
monomer of nucleic acids
nucleotide
29
polymer of nucleic acid
DNA and RNA
30
monomer of carbohydrate
monosaccharride
31
polymer of carbohydrate
polysaccharide
32
how many monomers are in proteins
20 amino acids
33
amino acids are hydro-
phillic and phopic
34
nucleotides in dna
adenine and thymine, cytosine and guanine
35
nucleotides in rna
adenine and uracil, cytosine and guanine
36
monomer of starch, gylcogen, and cellulose
glucose
37
starch and cellulose are found in
plants
38
glycogen are found in
animals
39
an insoluable dietary fiber found on food packages is
cellulose
40
chitin is a
structural polymer that has nitrogenous group replacing -OH in glucose
41
the shape of primary structure is determined by
dna
42
the shape of secondary structure is determined by
h bonds
43
the shape of tertiary structure is determined by
h bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and sulfhydryl groups
44
the shape of the quaternary structure is determined by
h bonds and vander waals forces
45
pyrimidine nucleotides
C T U
46
purine nucleotides
A G
47
phospholipid bilayer structure
glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group
48
what part is hydrophillic/phobic in phospholipid bilayers
hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
49
disaccharide is
two monosaccharides joined together
50
amino acids are held by _____ through dehydration synthesis or hydrolisis
peptide bonds
51
polypeptides have an AA end group
carboxyl
52
cellular respiration
rxn of atp for cell energy
53
NADH+ H+ FADH2 NADPH are
electron carriers and dinucleotides
54
a rxn for polymers where rxn gains h2o
hydrolisis
55
saturated fatty acid
has max number of H
56
unsaturated fatty acid
less than max number of h due to a c=c bond
57
endosymbiotic theory explains
origin of mitochondria and chloroplast by explaining that an anaerobic eukaryote eats an aerobic bacteria
58
organelles and their parts that are ONLY found in animals
centriols, cilia+flagella, lysosomes, cytoskeleton
59
organelles/parts ONLY found in plants
chloroplast, cell wall, central vacuole
60
organelles ONLY found in prokaryotes
nucleoid
61
nucleoid (organelle)
where dna is stored in prokaryotic cell
62
nucleus (organelle)
where dna is stored in eukarotic cell
63
mitochondria (organelle)
site of cellular respiration
64
chloroplast (organelle)
site of photosynthesis
65
rough ER (organelle)
has ribosomes and makes them into proteins
66
smooth ER (organelle)
makes lipids and cell membrane
67
golgi apparatus (organelle)
sorts proteins for export
68
lysosome (organelle)
phagocytosis
69
central vacuole (organelle)
turgor pressure
70
cillia and flagella (organelle)
endo/exocytosis and helps cell move
71
plasma membrane (part)
phospholipid bilayer that seperates inside/outside of cell
72
cell wall (part)
rigid outer layer of cell that adds support
73
cytoplasm (part)
liquid gel where organelle floats in
74
cytoskeleton (part)
provides cell shape
75
free ribosomes (part)
makes proteins inside and for cytoplasm
76
centrioles (part)
makes cilia and flagela
77
endomembrane system
Rough ER, Smooth ER, golgi, lysosome, cell membrane
78
flow of information in cell
DNA --transcription-> RNA --translation-> protein
79
nuclear membrane
double membrane that surrounds nucleus
80
nuclear pores
large holes on membrane for ribosomes to pass through
81
nucleolus
ribosome synthesis
82
miller-Urey experiment
shows organic molecules can be made abiotically
83
RNA World hypothesis
rna was the 1st molecule with ribozyme activity
84
ribozyme
rRNA that contains catalyse rxns
85
stromatolite
fossilized bacterial mats
86
fluid mosaic model
explains structure of a function cell membrane
87
gap junctions
holes between cells for exchange of ions/molecules
88
tight junctions
prevent leakage between cell (in urinary/digestive organs)
89
desmosomes junction
type of junction that holds cells together (heart/skin)
90
organelles are
membrane bound structures
91
ribosomes
made of RNA and make proteins
92
cell theory
all living things are composed of cells, cells come from cells, and is the basic unit of life
93
chromatin
relaxed chromosomes
94
chromosome
a histone-bound dna
