Unit 2: Foundations of Resident Care

Question 1

the process of exchanging
information with others
by sending and receiving
messages.

Answer 1

communication

Question 2

communication involving
the use of spoken or
written words or sounds.

Answer 2

verbal communication

Question 3

communication without
using words.

Answer 3

nonverbal communication

Question 4

information based on
what a person sees,
hears, touches, or smells;
also called signs.

Answer 4

objective information

Question 5

information that a person
cannot or did not observe, but
is based on something
reported to the person that
may or may not be true; also
called symptoms.

Answer 5

subjective information

Question 6

the inability to control
the bladder or bowels.

Answer 6

incontinence

Question 7

phrases that are used
over and over again and
do not really mean
anything.

Answer 7

clichés

Question 8

unconscious behaviors
used to release tension or
cope with stress.

Answer 8

defense mechanisms

Question 9

a system of learned beliefs and
behaviors that is practiced by a
group of people and is often
passed on from one generation to
the next.

Answer 9

culture

Question 10

A loss of function or
ability.

Answer 10

impairment

Question 11

the normal functioning of
emotional and
intellectual abilities.

Answer 11

mental health

Question 12

A disorder that affects a person’s
ability to function and often
causes inappropriate behavior:
confusion, disorientation,
agitation, and anxiety are
common symptoms.

Answer 12

mental health disorder

Question 13

Violent or hostile
behavior.

Answer 13

combative

Question 14

The way the parts of the
body work together when
a person moves.

Answer 14

body mechanics

Question 15

The way a person holds
and positions his body.

Answer 15

Posture

Question 16

a broken bone.

Answer 16

fracture

Question 17

confusion about person,
place, or time.

Answer 17

disorientation

Question 18

burns caused by hot
liquids.

Answer 18

scalds

Question 19

an injury that rubs off the
surface of the skin.

Answer 19

abrasion

Question 20

the state of being
mentally alert and having
awareness of
surroundings, sensations,
and thoughts.

Answer 20

conscious

Question 21

Emergency care given immediately
to an injured person by the first
people to respond to an
emergency.

Answer 21

first aid

Question 22

Medical procedures used
when a person’s heart or
lungs have stopped
working.

Answer 22

cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR)

Question 23

a condition in which
something is blocking the
tube through which air
enters the lungs.

Answer 23

obstructed airway

Question 24

A method of attempting
to remove an object from
the airway of someone
who is choking.

Answer 24

abdominal thrusts

Question 25

blue or gray, in reference to skin color.

Answer 25

cyanotic

Question 26

a condition that occurs when organs and tissues in the body do not receive an adequate blood supply.

Answer 26

shock

Question 27

a condition that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen because blood flow to the heart is blocked; also called heart attack.

Answer 27

myocardial infarction

Question 28

Difficulty breathing.

Answer 28

dyspnea

Question 29

A complication of diabetes that can result from either too much insulin or too little food; also known as hypoglycemia.

Answer 29

insulin reaction

Question 30

A complication of diabetes that is caused by having too little insulin in the body.

Answer 30

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Question 31

A condition that occurs when blood supply to a part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel leaks or ruptures within the brain; also called stroke.

Answer 31

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Question 32

A warning sign of a CVA resulting from a temporary lack of oxygen in the brain; symptoms may last up to 24 hours.

Answer 32

transient Ischemic attack (TIA)

Question 33

the act of vomiting, or ejecting stomach contents through the mouth and/or nose.

Answer 33

emesis

Question 34

The set of methods practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease.

Answer 34

infection prevention

Question 35

a living thing or organism that is so small that it can be seen only through a microscope.

Answer 35

microorganism/microbe

Question 36

The state resulting from pathogens invading the body and multiplying.

Answer 36

infection

Question 37

microorganisms that are capable of causing infection and disease.

Answer 37

pathogens

Question 38

an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has local symptoms.

Answer 38

localized infection

Question 39

An infection that is in the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body, causing general symptoms.

Answer 39

systemic infection

Question 40

an infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care.

Answer 40

healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

Question 41

way of describing how disease is transmitted from one human being to another.

Answer 41

chain of infection

Question 42

A pathogenic microorganism that causes disease.

Answer 42

causative agent

Question 43

a place where a pathogen lives and multiplies.

Answer 43

reservoir

Question 44

any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to Leave.

Answer 44

portal of exit

Question 45

the method of describing how a pathogen travels,

Answer 45

mode of transmission

Question 46

A way of transmitting pathogens through touching the infected person or his or her secretions.

Answer 46

direct contact

Question 47

A way of transmitting pathogens by touching something contaminated by the infected person.

Answer 47

indirect contact

Question 48

The membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, or genitals.

Answer 48

mucous membranes

Question 49

any body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter.

Answer 49

portal of entry

Question 50

an uninfected person who could get sick.

Answer 50

susceptible host

Question 51

passage or transfer.

Answer 51

transmission

Question 52

contagious.

Answer 52

infectious

Question 53

Measures used to reduce and prevent the spread of pathogens.

Answer 53

medical asepsis

Question 54

the state of being free of all microorganisms; also called sterile technique.

Answer 54

surgical asepsis

Question 55

single-celled organisms that only can be viewed with the aid of a microscope. can be divided into five basic categories-bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminths. Most are harmless-some are even beneficial. Others are capable of causing infection or disease. are often classified as either pathogenic or nonpathogenic

Answer 55

Microorganisms

Question 56

a type of microorganism that is incapable of causing or unable to cause infection or disease.

Answer 56

Nonpathogenic microorganism

Question 57

a type of microorganism that is capable of causing infection or disease; it is also called a pathogen.

Answer 57

Pathogenic microorganism

Question 58

single-celled microorganisms that lack nuclei and organized cell structures. can exist independently (on their own) or as parasites, dependent upon a host for life. can be found in three basic shapes-round, rod, or spiral.

Answer 58

Bacteria

Question 59

small packages of DNA or RNA encased in protein shells that invade a cell (host cell) and incorporate themselves into the host cell's DNA. When the infected host cell begins to produce (replicate) new viral particles, the infected cell dies.

Answer 59

Virus

Question 60

múlti-celled or single-celled organisms. They can be pathogenic, causing infections in healthy persons, or opportunistic, causing infections in people with weakened immune systems. can be nonpathogenic as well, and some types are even beneficial, such as those used to make antibiotics. A few types are considered delicacies, such as truffles and edible mushrooms.

Answer 60

Fungi

Question 61

an organism that lives on or in an organism of a different species.

Answer 61

Parasite

Question 62

occurs when microorganisms enter and multiply within the tissue of a host, causing damage to that tissue. Symptoms may be apparent, or the host may display no symptoms.

Answer 62

Infection

Question 63

occurs when tissue that has been damaged due to the entry and multiplication of microorganisms results in clinical signs and symptoms of a recognizable process.

Answer 63

Disease

Question 64

an organism or cell on or in which a micrporganism lives or feeds.

Answer 64

Host

Question 65

A federal government agency that issues guidelines to protect the health of individuals and communities.

Answer 65

Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC)

Question 66

A method of infection prevention in which all blood, body fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes are treated as if they were infected.

Answer 66

Standard Precautions

Question 67

mucus coughed up.

Answer 67

sputum

Question 68

needles or other sharp objects.

Answer 68

sharps

Question 69

washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and water and using alcohol-based hand rubs.

Answer 69

hand hygiene

Question 70

an agent that destroys resists, or prevents the development of pathogens

Answer 70

antimicrobial

Question 71

Equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards.

Answer 71

personal protective equipment (PPE)

Question 72

to put on

Answer 72

Don

Question 73

To remove

Answer 73

doff

Question 74

care of the genitals and anal area.

Answer 74

perineal care

Question 75

skin that is broken by abrasions, cuts, rashes, acne, pimples, lesions, surgical incisions, or boils

Answer 75

non-intact skin

Question 76

Process that kills pathogens, but not all pathogens; it reduces the pathogen count to a level that is considered not infectious.

Answer 76

disinfection

Question 77

Only to be used once and then discarded.

Answer 77

disposable

Question 78

method of infection prevention used when caring for persons who are infected or suspected of being infected with a disease.

Answer 78

Transmission-Based Precautions

Question 79

microorganisms found in human blood, body fluid, draining wounds, and mucous membranes that can cause infection and disease in humans.

Answer 79

bloodborne pathogens

Question 80

inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors, such as alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma.

Answer 80

hepatitis

Question 81

a highly contagious lung disease caused by a bacterium that is carried on mucous droplets suspended in the air.

Answer 81

tuberculosis (TB)

Question 82

an infection caused by specific bacteria that have become resistant to many antibiotics.

Answer 82

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Question 83

bacteria (enterococci) that have developed resistance to antibiotics as a result of being exposed to the antibiotic vancomycin.

Answer 83

vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

Question 84

bacterial illness that can cause diarrhea and colitis.

Answer 84

Clostridium difficile (C. diff, C. difficile)

Question 85

Medical term for Infection

Answer 85

Sepsis