Unit 4: Body Systems and Related Conditions

Question 1

the condition in which all of the body’s systems are working at their best.

Answer 1

homeostasis

Question 2

physical and chemical processes by which substances are broken down or transformed into energy or products for use by the body.

Answer 2

metabolism

Question 3

to widen

Answer 3

dilate

Question 4

To narrow

Answer 4

Constrict

Question 5

the wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles from lack of use.

Answer 5

atrophy

Question 6

the permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle or tendon, usually due to lack of activity.

Answer 6

contracture

Question 7

swelling

Answer 7

inflammation

Question 8

an illness in which the body’s immune system attacks normal tissue in the body.

Answer 8

autoimmune illness

Question 9

a type of arthritis in which joints become inflamed, red, swollen, and very painful, resulting in restricted movement and possible deformities.

Answer 9

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 10

common type of arthritis that usually affects the hips, knees, fingers, thumbs, and spine; also called degenerative joint disease (DJD) or degenerative arthritis.

Answer 10

osteoarthritis

Question 11

a disease that causes bones to become porous and brittle, causing them to break easily.

Answer 11

osteoporosis

Question 12

the end of menstruation; occurs when a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 months.

Answer 12

menopause

Question 13

a doctor’s order stating that a person is able to support some body weight on one or both legs.

Answer 13

partial weight-bearing (PWB)

Question 14

a doctor’s order stating that a person is unable to touch the floor or support any body weight on one or both legs.

Answer 14

non-weight-bearing (NWB)

Question 15

a doctor’s order stating that a person has the ability to support full body weight (100%) on both legs.

Answer 15

full weight-bearing (FWB)

Question 16

paralysis on one side of the body.

Answer 16

hemiplegia

Question 17

weakness on one side of the body.

Answer 17

hemiparesis

Question 18

trouble communicating thoughts through speech or writing

Answer 18

expressive aphasia

Question 19

difficulty understanding spoken or written words

Answer 19

receptive aphasia

Question 20

Inappropriate or unprovoked emotional responses, including laughing, crying, and anger

Answer 20

Emotional liability

Question 21

difficulty swallowing

Answer 21

dysphagia

Question 22

manner of walking.

Answer 22

gait

Question 23

high blood pressure, regularly measuring 130/80 mm Hg or higher.

Answer 23

hypertension (HTN)

Question 24

medications that reduce fluid volume in the body.

Answer 24

diuretics

Question 25

chest pain, pressure, or discomfort.

Answer 25

angina pectoris

Question 26

the process of breathing air into the lungs and exhaling air out of the lungs

Answer 26

respiration

Question 27

the process of inhaling air into the lungs.

Answer 27

inspiration

Question 28

the process of exhaling air out of the lungs.

Answer 28

expiration

Question 29

the inability to control the bladder, which leads to an involuntary loss of urine.

Answer 29

urinary incontinence

Question 30

the process of preparing food physically and chemically so that it can be absorbed into the cells.

Answer 30

digestion

Question 31

the transfer of nutrients from the intestines to the cells.

Answer 31

absorption

Question 32

the process of expelling wastes (made up of the waste products of food and fluids) that are not absorbed into the cells.

Answer 32

elimination

Question 33

inability to control the bowels, leading to involuntary passage of stool

Answer 33

fecal incontinence

Question 34

the inability to eliminate stool, or the infrequent, difficult, and often painful elimination of a hard, dry stool.

Answer 34

constipation

Question 35

a specific amount of water, with or without an additive, that is introduced into the colon to stimulate the elimination of stool.

Answer 35

enema

Question 36

a surgically-created opening from an area inside the body to the outside.

Answer 36

ostomy

Question 37

an artificial opening in the body.

Answer 37

stoma

Question 38

organs that produce and secrete chemicals called hormones.

Answer 38

glands

Question 39

chemical substances created by the body that control numerous body functions

Answer 39

hormones

Question 40

a condition in which the pancreas produces too little insulin or does not properly use insulin.

Answer 40

diabetes

Question 41

a hormone that converts glucose from the blood and into the cells for energy for the body.

Answer 41

insulin

Question 42

natural sugar

Answer 42

glucose

Question 43

a condition that occurs when a person’s blood glucose levels are above normal but are not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes

Answer 43

pre-diabetes

Question 44

type of diabetes that appears in pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high glucose levels during pregnancy.

Answer 44

gestational diabetes

Question 45

to create new human life.

Answer 45

to reproduce

Question 46

sex glands

Answer 46

gonads

Question 47

a cluster of abnormally-growing cells.

Answer 47

tumor

Question 48

Bone to Bone

Answer 48

Joint

Question 49

Muscle to bone

Answer 49

Tendon

Question 50

Body movement of limb toward the center of the body

Answer 50

Adduction

Question 51

Body movement of limbs away from the center of the body

Answer 51

Abduction

Question 52

Enlarged veins in the rectum. They may also be visible outside the anus.

Answer 52

Hemorrhoids