UNIT 2 - Homologous Series & UNIT 3 -Plastics

Question 1

what is the Homologous series?

Answer 1

a family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties that show a gradual change in physical properties

Question 2

what do alkanes, alkenes, and cyloalkanes, all belong to?

Answer 2

they all belong to different homologous series

Question 3

what are hydrocarbons?

Answer 3

molecules which consist of hydrogen and carbon atoms only

Question 4

what is molecular formual?

Answer 4

formula which shows the number of atoms of the different elements which are present in one molecule of a substance

Question 5

what is full structural formula?

Answer 5

a 2D drawing of a 3D molecule, it shows the atoms present and the position of the covalent bonds

Question 6

what is shortened structural formula?

Answer 6

formula which shows the position of the atoms in the molecule without showing the bonds

Question 7

what are the first 8 alkanes in order?

Answer 7

methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, and octane

Question 8

what are alkanes?

Answer 8

-a subset of saturated hydrocarbons,
-all end in -ane
-only contain carbon to carbon single bonds
-have the general formula Cₙ H₂ₙ + ₂
-are insoluble in water
-are commonly used as fuels

Question 9

what are isomers?

Answer 9

molecules which have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 10

what are branches with 1-methyl???

Answer 10

it is a bend in the chain, not a branch

Question 11

what is a physical property?

Answer 11

something which can be observed or measured

Question 12

what is a boiling point?

Answer 12

the temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas

Question 13

what happens as the number of carbon atoms increase?

Answer 13

the boiling point increases

Question 14

what are intermolecular forces?

Answer 14

they are small forces of attraction that exist between molecules

Question 15

what is a chemical property?

Answer 15

its a property that becomes evident during a chemical reaction

Question 16

what is flammability?

Answer 16

it is ease of combustion

Question 17

what happens as chain length increases?

Answer 17

the flammability decreases

Question 18

why are smaller alkanes more flammable?

Answer 18

because they can mix with oxygen in the air

Question 19

what do alkanes undergo with the oxygen in the air?

Answer 19

combustion

Question 20

what is the test for water?

Answer 20

turns cobalt chloride from blue to pink

Question 21

in a plentiful supply of oxygen, what do alkanes burn to produce?

Answer 21

carbon dioxide and water

Question 22

in a limited supply of oxygen, what do alkanes burn to produce?

Answer 22

carbon, carbon monoxide and water

Question 23

what is a saturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 23

it is a hydrocarbon in which all carbon-to-carbon covalent bonds are single bonds

Question 24

what are cycloalkanes?

Answer 24

-a subset of saturated, cyclic hydrocarbons
-all end in -ane
-have the general formula Cₙ H₂ₙ

Question 25

what happens as cycloalkanes increase in size?

Answer 25

their melting and boiling points increase

Question 26

what happens as the size of a molecule increases?

Answer 26

the number of intermolecular forces increase, and the amount of energy required to break the intermolecular forces increases

Question 27

are cycloalkanes reactive?

Answer 27

no, with the exception of combustion

Question 28

what do cycloalkanes burn to produce?

Answer 28

carbon dioxide and water

Question 29

what is the main use of cyclohexane

Answer 29

to make nylon

Question 30

what are cycloalkanes in water?

Answer 30

they are immiscible in water, and they are a good solvents for other compounds which are insoluble in water

Question 31

what are alkenes?

Answer 31

-a homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons, -all end in -ene -contain a reactive carbon-to-carbon double bond -have the general formula Cₙ H₂ₙ -are used to make polymers and alcohol -are insoluble in water

Question 32

what must the name of the alkene indicate?

Answer 32

the position of the double bond (only after propene)

Question 33

what is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 33

a hydrocarbon in which there is at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond

Question 34

do cycloalkanes and alkanes decolourise bromine water?

Answer 34

no

Question 35

do cycloalkanes and alkanes undergo addition reactions?

Answer 35

no

Question 36

do alkenes decolourise bromine water?

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

do alkenes undergo addition reactions?

Answer 37

yes

Question 38

what are some features of plastics?

Answer 38

THEY ARE: -light -watertight -flexible -able to be moulded -good insulators of heat -durable

Question 39

what are some features of natural materials?

Answer 39

THEY ARE: -biodegradable -made from renewable resources -can be expensive -not durable

Question 40

what does biodegradable mean?

Answer 40

able to rot by natural decay

Question 41

what are monomers?

Answer 41

small molecules which can join together to produce a very large molecule

Question 42

what are polymers?

Answer 42

very large molecules which are formed by the joining of many smaller molecules (monomers)

Question 43

what is polymerisation?

Answer 43

the process whereby a polymer is formed

Question 44

What is an addition reaction?

Answer 44

The double bond in an alkene is very reactive. It can break and other atoms can add onto the molecule

Question 45

What do addition polymer molecules have?

Answer 45

A backbone made up entirely of carbon atoms

Question 46

What is the name of an addition polymer related to?

Answer 46

The name of the monomer

Question 47

What is addition polymerisation?

Answer 47

The name given to a chemical reaction in which unsaturated monomers are joined, forming a polymer

Question 48

What is the name of the functional group found in alcohol?

Answer 48

Hydroxyl