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NAT5 Chemistry > UNIT 1 > Flashcards

UNIT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but a different mass number

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2
Q

What is Relative Atomic Mass (RAM)?

A

It is the average mass of the atoms in an element taking into account the different isotopes and their relative abundance

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3
Q

What are elements in the periodic table arranged in?

A

They are arranged in atomic number

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4
Q

How are ions formed?

A

They are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons

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5
Q

What happens if an atom gains an electron?

A

It becomes a negatively charged ion

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6
Q

What happens if an atom loses an electron?

A

It becomes a positively charged ion

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7
Q

What do atoms achieve by forming ions?

A

They achieve the same electron arrangement as the nearest Noble Gas

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8
Q

What are Diatomic molecules made up of?

A

They are made up of only two atoms

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9
Q

What are the 7 diatomic elements?

A

Oxygen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Iodine, Bromine

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10
Q

How are atoms joined together?

A

They are joined together by bonds

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11
Q

What are atoms?

A

They are the building blocks which make up everything in the universe

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12
Q

Why do atoms bond?

A

Atoms bond to achieve the most stable outer electron arrangement-a full outer shell

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13
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A covalent bond is 2 positive nuclei held together by their common attraction for the shared pair of negative electroms

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14
Q

What are covalent bonds formed between?

A

2 non-metals

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15
Q

What do you need to break a covalent bond?

A

Lots of energy as they are extremely strong forces of attraction.

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16
Q

How do atoms form bonds?

A

By using the electrons in their outer most energy level

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17
Q

What do bonding diagrams do?

A

They give a simplified picture of an atoms outer electrons

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18
Q

What is everything in the world made out of?

A

118 elements

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19
Q

What do molecules exist in?

A

3 dimensions

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20
Q

What does the shape of a covalent molecule depend on?

A

The number and orientation of central bonds around the atom

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21
Q

How can you show the shape of a molecule?

A

By using a perspective drawing

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22
Q

What are the 3 types of perspective bonds?

A

—straight
—> wedged
- - > dashed

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23
Q

What are the diagram names for elements with different numbers of substances?

A

If there is 1 substance present: linear
If there is 2 substance present: angular
If there is 3 substance present: trigonal pyramidal
If there is 4 substance present: tetrahedral

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24
Q

What is a proton?

A

A proton is a positively charged particle with a mass of 1 amu, and it is located in the cell nucleus

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25
What is an electron?
An electron is a negatively charged particle with a mass of nearly 0 amu, and it is found orbiting the nucleus
26
What is a neutron?
It is a particle with a neutral charge which is found in the nucleus of a cell, it has a mass of 1 amu
27
What are atoms made up of?
Protons, neutrons, electrons
28
What is broken when covalent molecular compounds melt or boil?
The weak intermolecular forces are broken
29
What is left intact when covalent molecular compounds melt or boil?
The strong covalent bonds are left intact
30
If less energy is required in melting covalent molecular compounds…
Less energy required = low melting and boiling points
31
What do Covalent Networks exist as?
They exist as giant network structures held together by covalent bonds
32
If lots of energy is required to break the strong covalent bonds…
Lots of energy = high melting and boiling points
33
How much energy is required to make strong covalent bonds?
LOTS
34
What does each element have?
A name and a symbol
35
The alkali metals are?
-Very reactive -Soft (can be cut with a knife) -Are stored under oil -React with water to form an alkaline solution -React with oxygen to form metal oxides
36
The transition metals are?
-Hard and Dense -Less reactive than the alkali metals -Used in Catalysts -Form coloured comounds
37
The Halogens are?
-Diatomic Elements -All toxic -Fluorine added to toothpaste to prevent decay -Iodine used to treat wounds -Chlorine used to sterilise swimming pools
38
The Noble Gasses are?
-The least reactive group of elements -Not reactive at all
39
Where is the mass number of an element?
On the top
40
Where is the atomic number of an element?
At the bottom
41
If atoms of the same element bond what do they become?
They become a molecule of that element
42
What can covalent substances form?
They can form either discrete molecular or giant network structures
43
What does the Chemical Formula of a covalent molecular substance give?
It gives the number of atoms present in the molecule
44
Can different elements form a different number of bonds?
Yes
45
What is valency?
Valency is the atoms ability to combine with other atoms
46
What are 1-7 in Roman Numerals?
1- I 2- II 3- III 4- IV 5- V 6- VI 7- VII
47
What does SVSDF stand for?
Symbol Valency Swap Divide Formula
48
What are the prefixes for 1-7?
Mono-1 Di-2 Tri-3 Tetra-4 Penta-5 Hexa-6 Hepta-7
49
What does ionic bonding occurs between?
Between a metal and a non-metal
50
What is an ionic bond?
It is the electrostatic force of attraction between positive and negative ions
51
What is an ionic lattice?
It is a giant arrangement of ions held together by electrostatic attraction
52
What do ionic lattices consist of?
They consists of millions of ions held together in a lattice by ionic bonds
53
How do you break strong ionic bonds?
With lots of energy
54
What are ionic compounds at room temperature?
They are always solids at room temperature
55
What does the formula of an ionic compound give?
It gives the simplest ratio of ions in a substance
56
What does ionic formula show?
It shows the charge on each of the ions
57
What is a group ion?
It is an ion which contains more than one type of atom
58
What is an electrical current?
It is a flow of charged particles
59
What do electrical conductors allow?
They allow electrical currents to flow through them
60
What do non conductors not allow?
They don’t allow an electrical current to flow through them
61
What elements conduct electricity?
Metal elements and carbon (in the form of graphite)
62
Why can metals conduct electricity?
because they have delocalized electrons that can move freely through the metal
63
What do atoms share in covalent bonds?
They share a pair of electrons
64
Is electricity conducted in covalent bonds?
No, because the atoms share a pair of electrons, therefore the electrons are not free to move about
65
Describe the outer electrons of metal atoms?
They are not attached to a particular atom and are free to move about. They are delocalised
66
Do non-metals conduct electricity?
No, because they don’t have charged particles that can move
67
What does carbon in the form of Graphite have?
It has a layered covalent network structure
68
What does a carbon atom use for bonding?
It uses only 3 electrons and the remaining electron is delocalised over the whole structure
69
Why can graphite conduct electricity?
Because electrons can flow through it
70
Do covalent compounds conduct electricity?
NO
71
Do ionic compounds conduct electricity in the solid state?
No, because the ions are not free to move
72
When do ionic compounds conduct electricity?
When dissolved in water or when molten
73
What happens when ionic compounds dissolve in water?
The lattice breaks, and the ions are free to move, therefore the conduction of electricity can occur
74
What do covalent substances which are insoluble in water dissolve in?
They dissolve in other solvents
75
What are many ionic compounds soluble in?
Water
76
Do covalent network substances dissolve?
No
77
What happens as covalent molecular substances dissolve?
The lattice structures break up allowing water molecules to surround the seperated ions
78
What are discrete covalent molecules?
Small groups of atoms held together by covalent bonds

NAT5 Chemistry (12 decks)

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