Unit 2 - Imperialism's Effects on Europe

Question 1

Who are the four leading European powers at the time?

Answer 1

Britain, France, Germany, and Russia.

Question 2

When was German unification?

Answer 2

1871

Question 3

Why is Bismarck so afraid of war in Europe?

Answer 3

Germany is powerful but young
French minister of war is preparing for a war against Germany
Nationalism is on the rise in many European countries

Question 4

Who are interested in the Balkan countries?

Answer 4

Russia and Austria.

Question 5

When does Bismarck resign?

Answer 5

1890

Question 6

Who takes Bismarck’s place as leader of Germany?

Answer 6

General Von-Caprivi

Question 7

What new alliance does Von-Caprivi hope for?

Answer 7

Britain, Italy, and Austria
vs
France and Russia

Question 8

Why doesn’t Von-Caprivi’s plan to settle any disputes in Africa work?

Answer 8

Germany and Britain settle, but Britain decides to also settle with France and Russia so Britain isn’t closer with Germany than France and Russia.

Question 9

How would Germany’s policy be described in the early 1900s?

Answer 9

Opportunistic

Question 10

Who are France’s two enemies?

Answer 10

In europe: Germany
In africa: Britain

Question 11

What are the details of the Entente Cordiale?

Answer 11

1904
Between France and Britain
France accepts Britain in egypt if Britain accepts France in Morrocco
Not an alliance

Question 12

Where are Britain’s primary focus areas?

Answer 12

India, Egypt, South Africa

Question 13

What was starting to happen to the British empire in the early 1900s?

Answer 13

Imperial overstretch

Question 14

When was the first Moroccan crisis?

Answer 14

1905

Question 15

What happens during the first Moroccan crisis?

Answer 15

German Kaiser greets Moroccan sultan as independent leader and doesn’t recognize France’s position in Morocco. Germany demands conference and resignation of Delcasse (French foreign minister).

Question 16

What happens during the Algeciras conference?

Answer 16

States agree that France has special economic interests in Morocco.
Spain and France given joint control over Morocco.
All powers get equal economic rights within Morocco.

Question 17

What is the aftermath of the first Moroccan crisis?

Answer 17

Germany develops Schlieffen plan.
France prepares in case Germany invades.

Question 18

What happens during the second Moroccan crisis?

Answer 18

1911
France is going to occupy Morocco despite agreement at Algeciras conference.
Germany sends Gunboat.
Britain doesn’t want German Naval base in Morocco.

Question 19

Who won the Russo-Japanese war?

Answer 19

Japan

Question 20

What happens to Russia after defeat in the Russo-Japanese war?

Answer 20

They stop expanding east and start looking to expand into Europe again.
More willing to align with Britain.

Question 21

When was the Anglo-Russian agreement?

Answer 21

1907

Question 22

What does the Anglo-Russian agreement concern itself with?

Answer 22

Deciding colonial matters in Asia

Question 23

Who is involved in the Triple Entente?

Answer 23

Britain, France, Russia

Question 24

Why does Germany not want the Triple Entente?

Answer 24

They want Britain and Russia against each other and they don’t want Russia focusing on Europe because that is where Germany is focused.

Question 25

Why did the Opium wars occur?

Answer 25

Britain has trade deficit India is growing lots of opium China has a ban on importing opium Britain imports opium anyway China catches them and starts a war

Question 26

What is the result of the Opium wars?

Answer 26

1842 Treaty of Nanking China forced to import opium from Britain Cedes Hong Kong to Britain and opens 5 coastal cities for trading

Question 27

Why does Russia have interest in China?

Answer 27

Ice-free port New territory Better access to the Pacific

Question 28

What are the two sides in the East?

Answer 28

Britain and Japan vs France, Germany, and Russia

Question 29

Why is South Africa important to Britain?

Answer 29

Before Suez canal so better trade routes and access to India

Question 30

Who are the Boers?

Answer 30

Former Dutch settlers in South Africa who have formed their own colonies.

Question 31

When does Britain annex Cape Colony?

Answer 31

1814

Question 32

When is the first Boer war?

Answer 32

1880

Question 33

Why did the Boers agree to annexation by Britain?

Answer 33

To protect them from the Zulus

Question 34

What causes large numbers of Brits to flood to Transvaal after 1886?

Answer 34

The discovery of gold

Question 35

Who does Kruger (President of Transvaal) look to to prevent absorption into the British empire?

Answer 35

Germany

Question 36

Who dominates the Transvaal economy by 1894?

Answer 36

Germany

Question 37

What was the Jameson raid?

Answer 37

A raid by Cecil Rhodes in 1895 to overthrow the Boer government. He fails, but Germany is furious. They congratulate Kruger (Transvaal leader) on preserving its independence. Britain doesn't like this because they feel that Germany is meddling in its affairs.

Question 38

When was the second Boer war?

Answer 38

1899-1902

Question 39

Why is the second Boer war started?

Answer 39

Kruger believes that he will have support from France, Germany, and Russia due to their interest in Transvaal and therefore will be able to defeat Britain.

Question 40

Why does the second Boer war fail for the Boers?

Answer 40

Germany, France, and Russia do not get involved due to internal fighting and the British navy is too powerful to stop.

Question 41

How has public opinion at the end of the Boer war in Britain changed since the start of the war?

Answer 41

The public is against the war and their government because of the poor conditions in the Boer concentration camps.

Question 42

In this time period, what methods of international mediation are available?

Answer 42

- Traditional diplomacy - Calling an international conference

Question 43

What are the ground rules for traditional diplomacy?

Answer 43

- Each nation is sovereign - No international laws

Question 44

How did ambassadors work in this time?

Answer 44

- They could advise nations on how to resolve conflict and inform them of their home country's policies - They could not speak for the government or solve a crisis

Question 45

How did international conferences work in this time?

Answer 45

- Could summon (not order) other nations to come - They would discuss/debate whatever problem caused the conference - Treaties/Acts/etc would be created - Conference would be dissolved once the issue was solved with no further plans to meet again

Question 46

Why was the Berlin conference of 1884 called?

Answer 46

- To address the situation in the Congo between Portugal and Britain and the rest of the world

Question 47

When were the two Hague conferences?

Answer 47

1899 and 1907

Question 48

What was the purpose of the 1899 Hague conference?

Answer 48

It discussed how nations should settle disputes and a court of arbitration was established.

Question 49

What was the purpose of the 1907 Hague conference?

Answer 49

To ban the use of force to collect international debts and to plan a third conference set for 1914 that never happened because of the outbreak of WW1