Unit 2: Intelligence Vocab

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Question 2

Factor Analysis

Answer 2

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test

Question 3

Charles Spearman

Answer 3

Discovered “g” or general intelligence

Question 4

Howard Gardner

Answer 4

Disagreed with Spearman’s g intelligence and came up with the concept of multiple intelligence

Question 5

Multiple intelligence

Answer 5

Visual/spatial, existentialist, interpersonal, naturalist, logical/mathematical, intrapersonal, bodily/kinesthetic, musical/rhythmic, verbal/linguistic

Question 6

g intelligence

Answer 6

An idea that there is a single, overall mental ability that affects how well we perform various tasks and solve problems

Question 7

Sternberg’s Three Aspects of Intelligence

Answer 7

Analytical, Creative, and Practical intelligence

Question 8

Analytical Intelligence

Answer 8

Academic problem solving

Question 9

Creative Intelligence

Answer 9

Generating novel ideas

Question 10

Practical Intelligence

Answer 10

required for everyday tasks where multiple solutions exist

Question 11

Emotional Intelligence (EQ)

Answer 11

Ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions

Question 12

Creativity

Answer 12

the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas (expertise, imaginative thinking skills, venturesome personality, intrinsic motivation, Creative environment)

Question 13

Mental Age

Answer 13

• What a person of a particular age should know
• Was made by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
• someone’s mental Age can predict future performance
• hoped the test can help children

Question 14

Terman and his IQ Test

Answer 14

• Used Binet’s research to construct the modern day IQ Test called Stanford-Binet Test.
• IQ = Mental age/ Chronological age x 100

Question 15

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Answer 15

• consist of 11 subtests and cues us into strengths by using Factor analysis
• Modern Tests of Mental Abilities

Question 16

Aptitude Test

Answer 16

A test designed to predict a person’s future performance

Question 17

Achievement Test

Answer 17

A test designed to assess what a person has learned

Question 18

How do we construct Intelligence tests?

Answer 18

It must be standardized, reliable, and valid

Question 19

Standardization

Answer 19

• Tests must be pre-tested to a representative sample of people
• Forms a normal distribution or bell curve

Question 20

Reliability

Answer 20

• the extent which a test yields consistent results overtime
• Split halves or test-retest method

Question 21

Validity

Answer 21

The extent which a test measures what it is supposed to measure

Question 22

Content Validity

Answer 22

the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest

Question 23

Predictive Validity

Answer 23

how well a test predict someone’s performance/behavior in the future

Question 24

Flynn Effect

Answer 24

Intelligence test performance raising over time

Question 25

Crystallized Intelligence

Answer 25

- Accumulated Knowledge - increases with age - reading, comprehension, vocabulary acquisition

Question 26

Fluid Intelligence

Answer 26

- Ability to solve problems quickly - peaks in the 20's and then decreases over time

Question 27

Mental Retardation

Answer 27

- condition of limited mental ability - indicated by an intelligence score below 70 - produces difficulty in adapting to the demands of life

Question 28

Down syndrome

Answer 28

- Retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup

Question 29

Eugenics

Answer 29

- improve future generations by choosing the best traits - selective breeding

Question 30

Construct Validity

Answer 30

how much a test measures a concept or trait

Question 31

Stereotype Threat

Answer 31

The fear of confirming a negative stereotype about your group, which can affect your performance.

Question 32

Cohort

Answer 32

A group of people who share a common characteristics

Answer 33

The belief that abilities and intelligence can improve with effort and learning

Question 34

Fixed Mindset

Answer 34

The belief that abilities and intelligence are unchangeable set from birth

Question 35

Cross-Sectional Study

Answer 35

A research method that looks at different groups of people at one point in time to compare and understand differences

Question 36

Longitudinal Study

Answer 36

studying the same group of people over a long period of time to see how they change or develop

Question 37

Psychometrics

Answer 37

Field in psychology that focuses on measuring mental abilities, skills, and traits through tests and assessments

Question 38

Grit

Answer 38

combination of passion and perseverance that helps people stick with their goals

Question 39

Savant Syndrome

Answer 39

Someone with developmental challenges that has extraordinary ability or talent in a specific area (math, music, or art)

Question 40

Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Theory

Answer 40

- The theory that our intelligence is based on g (general intelligence) as well as specific abilities - connected by Gf (Fluid Intelligence) and Gc (Crystallized Intelligence)