Unit 2: Perception Vocab

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

The process of organizing and interpreting information enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events

Question 2

Top-Down Processing

Answer 2

Guided by higher-level mental processes, such as experience, motivation, and expectations

Question 3

Inattentional Blindness

Answer 3

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

Question 4

Change Bilndness

Answer 4

failing to notice a visual change when our attention is directed elsewhere

Question 5

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 5

emphasizes our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes (we look at things in groups and not as isolated elements).

Question 6

Figure Ground Relationship

Answer 6

Our first perceptual decision is what is the image is the figure and what is the background

Question 7

Gestalt Proximity

Answer 7

grouping objects that are close together as being part of the same group

Question 8

Gestalt Similarity

Answer 8

objects similar in appearance are perceived as being part of the same group

Question 9

Gestalt Continuity

Answer 9

objects that from a continuous form are perceived as the same group

Question 10

Gestalt Connectedness

Answer 10

we perceived things that are uniform and linked to be a single unit

Question 11

Depth Perception

Answer 11

ability to see objects in three dimensions. It also allows us to judge distance

Question 12

Depth Cues

Answer 12

Seeing depth using two Cues (Binocular Cues and Monocular Cues)

Question 13

Monocular Cues

Answer 13

Methods used by a single eye to judge depth perception (Linear Perspective, Interposition, Light and shadow, Relative Height, and Relative size)

Question 14

Binocular Cues

Answer 14

Methods used by both eyes to judge depth perception

Question 15

Retinal Disparity

Answer 15

A type of Binocular Cue
As an object comes closer to us, the differences in images between our eyes becomes greater

Question 16

Convergence

Answer 16

A type of Binocular Cues
As an object comes closer, our eyes have to come together to keep focused on the object

Question 17

Phi Phenomenon

Answer 17

Illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

Question 18

Perceptual Constancy

Answer 18

Perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal image change (color, shape, size)

Question 19

Perceptual Set

Answer 19

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another (predisposition: likely to behave a certain way because of influence)

Question 20

Shape constancy

Answer 20

Understanding that an object’s shape stays the same even when it looked like it changed due to the angle we look at it from

Question 21

Color Constancy

Answer 21

Ability to see the colors of objects as the same, even when lighting changes around them

Question 22

Size Constancy

Answer 22

Perceiving an object as being the same size, even when it appears larger or smaller depending on its distance from us

Question 23

Stroboscopic Movement

Answer 23

The illusion of motion created when a series of still images are shown quickly, one after the other

Question 24

Autokinetic Effect

Answer 24

Visual illusion where a small, stationary light in a dark room appears to move, even though it’s not actually moving

Question 25

Perceptual Adaptation

Answer 25

The brain's ability to adjust to changes in what we see or sense, allowing us to get used to things that might feel strange at first, like wearing new glasses

Question 26

Schema

Answer 26

A set of ideas that help us organize and interpret information, making it easier to understand new things based on what we already know

Question 27

Assimilation

Answer 27

Taking in new information and fit it into our existing ideas or understanding, without changing those original ideas

Question 28

Accommodation

Answer 28

Changing our existing ideas or understanding to make room for new information that doesn't fit with what we already know

Question 29

Stereotype Threat

Answer 29

The fear that we will confirm negative stereotypes about our social groups, which can affect our performance and behavior

Question 30

Linear Perspective

Answer 30

Parallel lines appear to meet in the distance. The sharper the angle of convergence, the greater the perceived distance is

Question 31

Interposition

Answer 31

If one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer. The one being blocked is considered far away

Question 32

Relative Height

Answer 32

Perceive objects higher in our field of vision is farther away

Question 33

Relative Size

Answer 33

Perceiving an object's size in relation to other objects around it

Question 34

Light and Shadow

Answer 34

Using the brightness of light and darkness of shadows to help us understand shape and depth of objects in our environment

Question 35

Gestalt Closure

Answer 35

Filling in gaps to create a complete, whole objects