unit 2 list 1-chemistry Flashcards
(23 cards)
atoms
the smallest unit of matter that retains the chemical properties of an element
molecules
The smallest particle of a substance that has all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance
substances
a pure form of matter
homogeneous mixtures
a mixture where the components are evenly distributed throughout, meaning the composition is uniform throughout the entire sample, with no visible separation between the different substances
heterogenous mixtures
a combination of substances where the composition is not uniform throughout
chemical properties
a specific characteristic of a substance like an element or a compound, relating to how it can change as a result of a reaction
physical properties
characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s chemical identity
isotopes
members of a family of an element that all have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
elements
a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance
compounds
a pure substance formed by chemically combining two or more different elements in fixed proportions
reactants
the starting materials in a reaction that undergo a chemical change to form a product.
products
the substances that are formed as a result of a chemical reaction
hydrogen bonds
a type of intermolecular attraction that occurs when a hydrogen atom, covalently bonded to a highly electromotive atom like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine, is attracted to a lone pair of electrons on another electronegative atom in a nearby molecule
covalent bonds
a chemical bond formed between two atoms when they share a pair of electrons
ionic bonds
a type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
cation
an ion, or charged particle, with a positive charge
anion
negatively charged ions
periodic table groups
a column in the periodic table of the chemical elements
periodic table rows
each horizontal row across the table represents a period, with elements in the same period sharing the same number of electron shells
valence electrons
the electrons located in the outermost shell of an atom, which are responsible for participating in chemical bonding with other atoms
ph scale
measures how acidic an object is
acids
a chemical that tastes sour, reacts with metals and bases, and releases hydrogen ions in water
bases
a substance that accepts protons (H+) or donates electrons in water
