unit 3 list 1-macromolecules

Question 1

Macromolecule

Answer 1

a large, complex polymeric molecule formed by the repetitive linking of smaller chemical units called monomers

Question 2

organic

Answer 2

compounds containing carbon, forming the basis of all known life and constituting the majority of known chemicals, with many also containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, or other elements

Question 3

monomer

Answer 3

a small, basic unit or molecule that can chemically bond with other similar units to form a larger, more complex molecule called a polymer

Question 4

polymer

Answer 4

a large molecule macromolecule composed of many repeating

Question 5

carbohydrates

Answer 5

organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, often with a 1:2:1 ratio, and are a primary source of energy for living organisms

Question 6

lipids

Answer 6

a diverse group of hydrophobic water-insoluble organic compounds that include fats, oils, waxes, and steroids

Question 7

fatty acids

Answer 7

a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated

Question 8

protein

Answer 8

large, complex molecules composed of one or more chains of amino acids, essential for life’s structure, function, and regulation

Question 9

amino acids

Answer 9

an organic compound containing an amino group (-NH2)

Question 10

enzymes

Answer 10

a protein that acts as a biological catalyst, accelerating chemical reactions within living organisms, by binding to specific molecules

Question 11

catalyst

Answer 11

a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed or permanently altered in the process

Question 12

nucleic acids

Answer 12

a complex organic macromolecule that carries genetic information, composed of nucleotide chains and including DNA and RNA

Question 13

nucleotide

Answer 13

he basic building block of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

Question 14

hormone

Answer 14

a chemical messenger produced by endocrine glands or cells that travels through the bloodstream to regulate specific physiological processes and maintain homeostasis

Question 15

steroids

Answer 15

Any of a group of lipids (fats) that have a certain chemical structure

Question 16

dehydration synthesis

Answer 16

a chemical process where two molecules combine, resulting in the formation of a larger molecule and the release of a water molecule

Question 17

hydrolysis

Answer 17

adding water to one large molecule to break it into multiple smaller molecules