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V.1 > Unit 2: Medical Terminology > Flashcards

Unit 2: Medical Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

What is defined as any substance that occupies space and has mass?

A

matter

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2
Q

What are the three basic forms of matter?

A

solid
liquid
gas

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3
Q

What is a form of matter but is massless and does not take up space?

A

energy

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4
Q
  1. Lack of expansion.
  2. Definite shape.
  3. Constant volume.
  4. Rigid and difficult to compress.
  5. High density.
  6. Severely limited mixability.
A

solid

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5
Q
  1. Limited expansion.
  2. Lack of characteristics shape.
  3. Maintenance of volume.
  4. Slightly compressible.
  5. High density.
  6. Diffusion in other liquids.
A

liquid

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6
Q
  1. Infinite and uniform expansion.
  2. Indefinite shape or volume.
  3. Easily compressible.
  4. Low density.
  5. Complete and rapid mixing in other gases.
A

gas

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7
Q

Any pure substance that can be broken down by chemical means into two or more different simpler substances

A

compound

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8
Q

Simplest form of pure substance.
They cannot be broken into anything else by physical or chemical means

A

element

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9
Q

Two or more substances that are not chemically combined with each other and can be separated by physical means

A

mixtures

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10
Q

Energy is actually doing work (moving objects)

A

kinetic energy

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11
Q

Energy is inactive or stored

A

potential energy

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12
Q

What are the three fundamental particles that compose an atom?

A

electron
proton
neutron

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13
Q

What particle has no electrical charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu?

A

neutron

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14
Q

What particle has a positive electrical charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu?

A

proton

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15
Q

The protons and neutrons are found in…

A

the nucleus of the atom

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16
Q

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is
called the

A

mass number

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17
Q

What particle has a negative electrical charge and exist in orbit around the nucleus?

A

electron

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18
Q

The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom is equal to the…

A

atomic number (Z)

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19
Q

The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to…

A

the number of protons

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20
Q

The number of neutrons is equal to the difference between the…

A

mass number of the atom (M) and the atomic number (Z)

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21
Q

What is the microscopic unit of structure of all living things?

A

a cell

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22
Q

What is the green pigment that plant cells contain but not animal cells?

A

chlorophyll

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23
Q

Neither chlorophyll nor a ____ ____ is present in animal cells.

A

cell wall

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24
Q

What is the name of the animal cell component that surrounds the cell and allows certain materials to pass through it?

A

cell (plasma) membrane

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25
Q

What are the basic units of heredity that guide the activities of each individual cell?

A

genes

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26
Q

Which organelles are the “powerhouses” of the cell that recharge ADP to form ATP molecules?

A

mitochondria

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27
Q

Lies within the cell and stores information that guides the life processes of the cell

A

nucleus

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28
Q

Used to describe the matter within the walls of the cell
A combination of water and a variety of materials dissolved in the water

A

protoplasm

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29
Q

Resembles a circulatory system for the individual cell
It’s a network composed of unit (single-thickness) membranes
In many cells, it connects the nucleus with the outside of the cell

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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30
Q

The “traffic director” for cellular proteins, receives certain protein substances from the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Golgi complex

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31
Q

These are granular particle “protein factories” in the cell
They contain ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Ribosomes are found free in the cytoplasm, clustered, or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

A

ribosomes

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32
Q

These organelles play a major role in cell division

A

centrioles

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33
Q

These are membrane-bound spheres that contain enzymes that can digest intracellular structures or foreign substances, such as bacteria

A

lysosomes

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34
Q

What is the name of the process in which the genetic material of the cell is doubled?

A

mitosis

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35
Q

What is the name of the condition when size of the individual cells increases?

A

hypertrophy

36
Q

What do we call increased tissue mass that results from greater numbers of cells?

A

hyperplasia

37
Q

What is the loss of tissue mass that results from a wasting away of the cell?

A

atrophy

38
Q

Where is extracellular fluid found?

A

In the interstitial fluid between the cells and in the circulating fluid called plasma

39
Q

Why is water called the universal solvent?

A

Because of its ability to dissolve many substances within itself

40
Q

What are the two ways in which the human body obtains water?

A

Drinking and metabolic oxidation

41
Q

What are ways that the human body can lose water?

A

perspiration
respiration
urination
vomiting & diarrhea

42
Q

What is the water loss called when sweat is not obvious?

A

Insensible perspiration

43
Q

What are four examples of dissolved substances carried in body fluids?

A

gases
nutrients
wastes
hormones

44
Q

What do you call the body’s tendency to maintain a steady state of balance?

A

Homeostasis

45
Q

What are the chemicals in the body fluids that dissociate into ions and must be present in certain proportions and concentrations in each fluid compartment?

A

Electrolytes

46
Q

What do you call the extracellular fluid that has a greater concentration of electrolytes than the intracellular fluid?

A

Hypertonic

47
Q

What do you call the extracellular fluid that has a lesser concentration of electrolytes in extracellular fluid than in intracellular
fluid?

A

Hypotonic

48
Q

If the electrolyte concentrations of extracellular fluid equal that of intracellular fluid

A

isotonic

49
Q

How does hypotonic extracellular fluid destroy the cell?

A

Fluids enter the cell and cause it to swell and burst

50
Q

What is the process by which gases move from a region of higher molecular concentration to a region of lower molecular concentration?

A

Diffusion

51
Q

What is the process by which water tends to pass through the cell membrane to the areas of greater concentration?

A

Osmosis

52
Q

Movement of water and small solute particles
Movement occurs from area of high pressure to area of low pressure

A

Filtration

53
Q

What is the term used to describe the cell membrane’s engulfing a large particle such as bacteria or other cells?
“Cell eating”

A

Phagocytosis

54
Q

The movement of fluid and dissolved molecules into a cell by trapping them in a section of the plasma membrane that pinches off inside the cell
“Cell drinking”

A

Pinocytosis

55
Q

What is the situation in living cells where there is generally a higher concentration of positively charged ions on the outside of the cell and a higher concentration of negatively charged ions on the inside of the cell?

A

Membrane potential

56
Q

What do you call the electrical gradient when there is more negative charge inside the cell and a positive charge outside the cell?

A

Resting potential

57
Q

What do you call the electrical activity that occurs in stimulated neuron or muscle fiber?

A

Action potential

58
Q

What do you call groups of like cells that together perform a common function or functions?

A

Tissues

59
Q

What are grouped tissues that perform common functions called?

A

Organs

60
Q

What do you call the tissue that covers surfaces, line cavities, and form glands.
Whose function is to protect, absorb, or secrete?

A

Epithelial tissue

61
Q

What do you call the tissue that is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body. It is found in skin, membranes, muscles, bones, nerves, and all internal organs

A

connective tissue

62
Q

What are the four main classes of connective tissue?

A

connective tissue proper
cartilage
bone tissue
blood

63
Q

What are the major functions of connective tissues?

A

binding and support
protection
insulation
transportation of substances

64
Q

Name the fiber of connective tissue that is tough, resistant, but flexible to a pulling force

A

Collagenous

65
Q

Name the fiber of connective tissue that are smaller than collagenous fibers and provide strength and stretching ability. They are found in the walls in arteries, lung tissue, and bronchial tubes

A

Elastic

66
Q

Name the fiber of connective tissue that are very thin, provide support and strength, and form the framework for many soft organs

A

Reticular

67
Q

What are the two subclasses of connective tissue?

A

loose and dense connective tissue

68
Q

What is the function of loose connective tissue?

A

Filler material in the spaces between the organs

69
Q

What are the subclasses of loose connective tissue?

A

areolar
adipose
reticular

70
Q

Which subclass of loose connective tissue has four functions to include supporting and binding other tissues, holding body fluids, defending against infection, and storing nutrients as fat

A

areolar connective tissue

71
Q

Which subclass of loose connective tissue accounts for 90 percent of the tissue mass and functions include providing reserve food fuel, insulating against heat loss, and supporting and protecting organs

A

Adipose (fat) tissue

72
Q

Which subclass of loose connective tissue are made up of reticular fibers. Function is to form a soft internal skeleton that supports white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages

A

Reticular connective tissues

73
Q

Name two examples of dense fibrous connective tissues.

A

Ligaments and tendons

74
Q

which type of dense fibrous connective tissue holds the bones together at a joint?

A

ligaments

75
Q

which type of dense fibrous connective tissue attaches a muscle to a bone?

A

tendons

76
Q

The elasticity of fibrous connective tissues is more or less proportional to what factor?

A

Temperature

77
Q

Name three types of cartilage in the human body

A

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

78
Q

What connective tissue serves as the storage area for calcium and other minerals?

A

bone

79
Q

Name the connective tissue that has both transportation and protective functions in the body.

A

blood

80
Q

Which muscle tissues are long and cylindrical and have numerous nuclei?

A

Skeletal muscle tissues

81
Q

Which muscle tissues are short, branched, contain one nucleus, and are striated or banded?

A

Cardiac muscle tissues

82
Q

Which muscle tissues are spindle-shaped, containing one nucleus, and are not striated

A

Smooth muscle tissue

83
Q

What is the function of the neuron or nerve cell?

A

To pick up and transmit a signal from one part of the body to another

84
Q

Name the junction between two neurons and is the point at which a signal passes from one neuron to the next

A

Synapse

85
Q

What do you call special cells that support and protect the nervous system?

A

neuroglia or glia cells

V.1 (4 decks)

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