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Paper 1 History - Migrants in Britain (Edexcel) > Unit 2 Migration > Flashcards

Unit 2 Migration Flashcards

c1500-c1700

1
Q

what was the renaissance?

A

time of cultural change in architecture, art, literature and music that flourished in Italy in the fifteenth century.

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2
Q

what was the reformation?

A

splitting of the church into catholic and protestant.
- new protestant ways of worshipping and believing came from changes known as the reformation, which began in 1517

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3
Q

how did the reformation spread in europe

A

1517-german monk called Martin Luther published a protest against corruption of catholic church snd chllenged authoriy of chrch in rome.
-luthers ideas spread through printed pamphlets and books.

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4
Q

how were ideas of humanism spread in europe

A

invention of mechanical printing in germany 1440 spread new ideas of humanism across europe.

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5
Q

how did the reformation occur in england

A

king henry viii made hiself supreme head of the church in 1530s so he could divorce catherine of aragon. opened path to enlish reformation.
-his son edward vi made england fully protestant.

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6
Q

two most important migrants in 1549

A
  • Martin Bucer from Germnay
  • Peter Vermigli from Italy
  • professors of divinity at Cambridge and Oxford
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7
Q

what did queen elizabeth do to help protestant migration

A
  • didn’t want a rigid interpretation of Protestantism
  • different groups of foreign Protestants able to set up their own Churches
  • Protestant refugees begin to arrive at the start of her reign
  • Religious disagreements caused conflict in Europe
  • Prots fled
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8
Q

what was trade and empire like?

A
  • english traders were looking for new markets further away
  • wool trade was the best in Europe
  • woold trade was declining in 1550
  • wool and cloth were less popular
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9
Q

privateers and trade

A
  • england had a larger navy
  • trading boats were used to attack and rob enemy ships
  • called privateering rather than piracy
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10
Q

transatlantic slave trade

A
  • enslaved people taken to plantations in the Americas
  • John Hawkins started England’s involvement with slavery in 1562
  • largest forced migration in history
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11
Q

joint stock companies and empire

A
  • new type of organisation formed to bring investors together to fund a joint stock company
  • raiding for goods like precious metals, silks and spices
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12
Q

the levant company

A
  • originally merchants trading in the middle east
  • queen negotiated access for these merchants in the ottoman empire
  • levant copany formed in 1592
  • company prosperoud until 1750
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13
Q

east india company

A
  • formed in 1600s
  • started exploring direct trading connections with spice markets of asia
  • 1630, merchants changed tactics and set up trading centres in mainland india
  • major bases Surat, Madras, Bombay, Calcutta
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14
Q

royal african company

A
  • first company set in 1660, royal african company took over in 1672
  • company built forts along the coasts of west africa
  • enslaved africans, transported across atlantic to english plantation colonies in west indies.
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15
Q

how many foreign immigrants were in london in the early 16th century

A

3000

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16
Q

two particular immigrants who were hated

A
  • Francesco de Bardi (an italian merchant)
  • Joh Meautys (french immigrant and royal secretary)
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17
Q

who began the protest against foreigners?

A

john lincoln - a second hand goods dealer

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18
Q

when was the evil may day riot

A

May 1517

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19
Q

what was the evil may day riot?

A
  • over a crowd of thousand meet to protest
  • the mob went on a rampage, attacking and looting the houses and businesses of foreigners
  • 2000 protestors on the streets
20
Q

what was the aftermath of the riot?

A
  • 1300 armed men sent to arrest people by the Duke of Norfolk
  • 300 people arrested, and a small group was identified and executed
  • authorities called it not just a riot but a rebellion against the King
  • john lincoln is tried for treason and executed
21
Q

who were the romani gypsies?

A
  • a nomadic group that lived outside of settled towns and villages
  • referred to as Egyptians
  • appeared in england in the early 16th century
22
Q

what act ordered the travellers to leave

A

1530 Egyptians Act

23
Q

how many african people were living in england from 1500-1640

A

350

24
Q

how many huguenots left france in the 1680s

A

between 40,000 and 50,000

25
Q

how were huguenots welcomed into england

A
  • parliament passes an Act to naturalise all Protestant Aliens in 1709
26
Q

what were major fields of Huguenot activity?

A
  • silk weaving
  • goldsmiths and silversmiths
27
Q

how did the huguenots positively impact finance

A
  • over a hundred huguenots contributed £104,000 of the £1.2 million that set up the Bank of England
28
Q

why were jewish people invited back into england after their expulsion?

A
  • religious reasons, Puritans believed the return of jewish people would speed up the return of jesus christ
  • economic reasons, jews had been facing persecution and fled to the netherlands. english people saw this positive impact and re-admitted them into england
29
Q

where were the palatine migrants from

A

west germany, rhineland

30
Q

when did the palatines migrate

A

1708

31
Q

why did the palatines migrate

A
  • their land was devastated
  • planned to eventually set in the english colonies of north america
32
Q

why was the palatine migration a failure

A
  • by 1709, 6500 refugees were in london
  • britain was not prepared for the migrants
  • about 3000 were taken to ireland, whilst only some stayed in london
  • the rest went back to germany in 1712
33
Q

when was the naturalisation act set

A

1709

34
Q

what was the naturalisation act

A
  • end the costly process of denization
  • by swearing an oath of loyalty to the government, any protestant could become british
35
Q

how many migrants became citizens due to the naturalisation act

A

2000

36
Q

when was the naturalisation act repealed

A

1712

37
Q

how many protestant refugees arrived in the early 16th century

A

50,000

38
Q

why was Sandwich important

A
  • important port on the coast of the english channel
  • italian merchants trading in wool to flanders
39
Q

how did flemings face hostility?

A
  • when the flemings took on jobs outside of the textiles work, they were restricted
  • nearly 2000 flemish and walloon strangers settled in sandwich
  • town council issues an order in 1570 forbidding strangers from working outside of the cloth and fishing industries
39
Q

what was the sandwich migration

A
  • in 1561, officials ask to establish a stranger community in sandwich
  • 400 flemish strangers settled in sandwich, including master weavers, and the town’s business and trade increased
40
Q

what was special about canterbury

A
  • a centre of christianity in england
  • most famous pilgrimage site in england
41
Q

why was canterbury in economic decline

A
  • reformation had put an end to shrines of saints
  • monasteries were shut down and their lands confiscated
  • upheaval in the Church led to economic decline
42
Q

when was the first major Walloon community set in canterbury

A

1575

43
Q

how did the walloon population help canterbury

A
  • skilled cloth weavers set up their own retail shops
  • paid taxes
  • attracted traders to the city
44
Q

what sort of opposition did the walloon migrants face

A
  • london silk weavers said they were working too hard and producing less cloth

Paper 1 History - Migrants in Britain (Edexcel) (5 decks)

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