Unit 2 Migration

Question 1

what was the renaissance?

Answer 1

time of cultural change in architecture, art, literature and music that flourished in Italy in the fifteenth century.

Question 2

what was the reformation?

Answer 2

splitting of the church into catholic and protestant.
- new protestant ways of worshipping and believing came from changes known as the reformation, which began in 1517

Question 3

how did the reformation spread in europe

Answer 3

1517-german monk called Martin Luther published a protest against corruption of catholic church snd chllenged authoriy of chrch in rome.
-luthers ideas spread through printed pamphlets and books.

Question 4

how were ideas of humanism spread in europe

Answer 4

invention of mechanical printing in germany 1440 spread new ideas of humanism across europe.

Question 5

how did the reformation occur in england

Answer 5

king henry viii made hiself supreme head of the church in 1530s so he could divorce catherine of aragon. opened path to enlish reformation.
-his son edward vi made england fully protestant.

Question 6

two most important migrants in 1549

Answer 6

• Martin Bucer from Germnay
• Peter Vermigli from Italy
• professors of divinity at Cambridge and Oxford

Question 7

what did queen elizabeth do to help protestant migration

Answer 7

• didn’t want a rigid interpretation of Protestantism
• different groups of foreign Protestants able to set up their own Churches
• Protestant refugees begin to arrive at the start of her reign
• Religious disagreements caused conflict in Europe
• Prots fled

Question 8

what was trade and empire like?

Answer 8

• english traders were looking for new markets further away
• wool trade was the best in Europe
• woold trade was declining in 1550
• wool and cloth were less popular

Question 9

privateers and trade

Answer 9

• england had a larger navy
• trading boats were used to attack and rob enemy ships
• called privateering rather than piracy

Question 10

transatlantic slave trade

Answer 10

• enslaved people taken to plantations in the Americas
• John Hawkins started England’s involvement with slavery in 1562
• largest forced migration in history

Question 11

joint stock companies and empire

Answer 11

• new type of organisation formed to bring investors together to fund a joint stock company
• raiding for goods like precious metals, silks and spices

Question 12

the levant company

Answer 12

• originally merchants trading in the middle east
• queen negotiated access for these merchants in the ottoman empire
• levant copany formed in 1592
• company prosperoud until 1750

Question 13

east india company

Answer 13

• formed in 1600s
• started exploring direct trading connections with spice markets of asia
• 1630, merchants changed tactics and set up trading centres in mainland india
• major bases Surat, Madras, Bombay, Calcutta

Question 14

royal african company

Answer 14

• first company set in 1660, royal african company took over in 1672
• company built forts along the coasts of west africa
• enslaved africans, transported across atlantic to english plantation colonies in west indies.

Question 15

how many foreign immigrants were in london in the early 16th century

Answer 15

3000

Question 16

two particular immigrants who were hated

Answer 16

• Francesco de Bardi (an italian merchant)
• Joh Meautys (french immigrant and royal secretary)

Question 17

who began the protest against foreigners?

Answer 17

john lincoln - a second hand goods dealer

Question 18

when was the evil may day riot

Answer 18

May 1517

Question 19

what was the evil may day riot?

Answer 19

• over a crowd of thousand meet to protest
• the mob went on a rampage, attacking and looting the houses and businesses of foreigners
• 2000 protestors on the streets

Question 20

what was the aftermath of the riot?

Answer 20

• 1300 armed men sent to arrest people by the Duke of Norfolk
• 300 people arrested, and a small group was identified and executed
• authorities called it not just a riot but a rebellion against the King
• john lincoln is tried for treason and executed

Question 21

who were the romani gypsies?

Answer 21

• a nomadic group that lived outside of settled towns and villages
• referred to as Egyptians
• appeared in england in the early 16th century

Question 22

what act ordered the travellers to leave

Answer 22

1530 Egyptians Act

Question 23

how many african people were living in england from 1500-1640

Answer 23

350

Question 24

how many huguenots left france in the 1680s

Answer 24

between 40,000 and 50,000

Question 25

how were huguenots welcomed into england

Answer 25

- parliament passes an Act to naturalise all Protestant Aliens in 1709

Question 26

what were major fields of Huguenot activity?

Answer 26

- silk weaving - goldsmiths and silversmiths

Question 27

how did the huguenots positively impact finance

Answer 27

- over a hundred huguenots contributed £104,000 of the £1.2 million that set up the Bank of England

Question 28

why were jewish people invited back into england after their expulsion?

Answer 28

- religious reasons, Puritans believed the return of jewish people would speed up the return of jesus christ - economic reasons, jews had been facing persecution and fled to the netherlands. english people saw this positive impact and re-admitted them into england

Question 29

where were the palatine migrants from

Answer 29

west germany, rhineland

Question 30

when did the palatines migrate

Answer 30

1708

Question 31

why did the palatines migrate

Answer 31

- their land was devastated - planned to eventually set in the english colonies of north america

Question 32

why was the palatine migration a failure

Answer 32

- by 1709, 6500 refugees were in london - britain was not prepared for the migrants - about 3000 were taken to ireland, whilst only some stayed in london - the rest went back to germany in 1712

Question 33

when was the naturalisation act set

Answer 33

1709

Question 34

what was the naturalisation act

Answer 34

- end the costly process of denization - by swearing an oath of loyalty to the government, any protestant could become british

Question 35

how many migrants became citizens due to the naturalisation act

Answer 35

2000

Question 36

when was the naturalisation act repealed

Answer 36

1712

Question 37

how many protestant refugees arrived in the early 16th century

Answer 37

50,000

Question 38

why was Sandwich important

Answer 38

- important port on the coast of the english channel - italian merchants trading in wool to flanders

Question 39

how did flemings face hostility?

Answer 39

- when the flemings took on jobs outside of the textiles work, they were restricted - nearly 2000 flemish and walloon strangers settled in sandwich - town council issues an order in 1570 forbidding strangers from working outside of the cloth and fishing industries

Question 39

what was the sandwich migration

Answer 39

- in 1561, officials ask to establish a stranger community in sandwich - 400 flemish strangers settled in sandwich, including master weavers, and the town's business and trade increased

Question 40

what was special about canterbury

Answer 40

- a centre of christianity in england - most famous pilgrimage site in england

Question 41

why was canterbury in economic decline

Answer 41

- reformation had put an end to shrines of saints - monasteries were shut down and their lands confiscated - upheaval in the Church led to economic decline

Question 42

when was the first major Walloon community set in canterbury

Answer 42

1575

Question 43

how did the walloon population help canterbury

Answer 43

- skilled cloth weavers set up their own retail shops - paid taxes - attracted traders to the city

Question 44

what sort of opposition did the walloon migrants face

Answer 44

- london silk weavers said they were working too hard and producing less cloth