Unit 2 - Multicellular Organisms

Question 1

what are 3 parts of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves

Question 2

how do you calculate surface area ?

Answer 2

Area = length x breadth (cm^2)

Question 3

how do you calculate volume?

Answer 3

volume = length x breadth x height (cm^3)

Question 4

how do plants take up water from the soil?

Answer 4

plants take up water from the soil by osmosis. Water absorption is largely carried out by the younger part of the roots which have tiny extensions called root hairs. These act to increase the surface area through which water can enter the plant

Question 5

what transport tissue make up bundles called veins or vascular bundles?

Answer 5

xylem along with other transport tissue (phloem) make up bundles called veins or vascular bundles

Question 6

where are the vascular bundles located in the roots?

Answer 6

in the roots vascular bundles are located in the centre

Question 7

where are vascular bundles located in the stem?

Answer 7

i’m the stem ,vascular bundles are arranged towards outside to provide support

Question 8

what does the xylem consist of?

Answer 8

xylem consist of long cells joined end to end to form tubes. The ends of the cells in the xylem vessels have broken down to allow free movement of water

Question 9

what 2 things can happen to water when it enters a leaf?

Answer 9

it can be used for photosynthesis

it can be lost through pores by evaporation

Question 10

within a leaf where does photosynthesis mostly occur?

Answer 10

photosynthesis occurs mostly in the palisade and spongy mesophyll cells within a leaf

Question 11

what are stomatas?

Answer 11

stomatas are small pores found on leaf surfaces. They allow gasses to diffuse in and out of the leaf, but water can also be lost through them

Question 12

what do plants need for respiration and photosynthesis?

Answer 12

plants need oxygen for respiration and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. These gasses enter the plant thought the stomata

Question 13

sugars produced in the leaves by photosynthesis need to be transported to other regions of the plant where they are : ?

Answer 13

sorted as starch

used to provide energy during respiration

converted into cellulose

Question 14

what’s the name of the tissue that movement of sugars take place in?

Answer 14

movement of sugars take place in tissue called phloem

Question 15

what is the circulatory system made up of?

Answer 15

the circulatory system is made up of the blood vessels and the heart which pumps the blood

Question 16

in mammals what is transported through the blood?

Answer 16

in mammals nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood.

Question 17

can respiration take place without diffusion?

Answer 17

no without diffusion respiration cannot take place and cells die

Question 18

what happens every time the heart beats?

Answer 18

every time the heart beats it forces blood into the arteries. As the blood surges along it stretches their walls

Question 19

name 3 blood vessels

Answer 19

artery , capillary and vein

Question 20

what is the function of an artery?

Answer 20

carries blood away from the heart

Question 21

what is the function of a capillary?

Answer 21

exchange of materials with tissue

Question 22

what is the function of a vein?

Answer 22

carries blood back into the heart

Question 23

does a artery have valves?

Answer 23

no

Question 24

does the capillary have valves?

Answer 24

no

Question 25

do veins have valves?

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

do arteries have thick or thin walls?

Answer 26

arteries have thick muscular walls and a narrow lumen (channel) because they carry blood under high pressure

Question 27

are capillaries thick or thin?

Answer 27

capillaries are thin, narrow and have a large surface area.Forming networks are organs and tissue. They allow the exchange of materials

Question 28

where does oxygen and food diffuse from?

Answer 28

oxygen and food diffuse from the blood into the body cells where they are used in respiration to provide energy. and carbon dioxide which is produced diffuses from the cells into the capillaries

Question 29

what are the 3 different types of blood cells?

Answer 29

red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet

Question 30

what is haemoglobin involved in the transport of?

Answer 30

haemoglobin is involved in the transport of oxygen. It binds with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin haemoglobin+oxygen ➡️ oxyhaemoglobin

Question 31

what are special features of red blood cells?

Answer 31

they are biconcave discs, this increases the surface area allowing them to pick up more oxygen. They are small and flexible so they can fit through narrow blood vessels

Question 32

what do lungs allow the body to do?

Answer 32

the lungs are organs which allow the body to take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide

Question 33

where are the lungs and the heart found?

Answer 33

the lungs and the heart are found in the thorax - this is a sealed unit formed by the chest wall and a layer of muscle called the diaphragm

Question 34

what is the function of the trachea?

Answer 34

hallow tube that connects the mouth and nose to the bronchi supported by rings of cartilage which holds the airway open

Question 35

what is the the bronchi?

Answer 35

two tubes that connect the trachea to the bronchioles

Question 36

what’s the the bronchioles?

Answer 36

narrow tubes that spread across the lungs

Question 37

what’s the function of the alveoli (air sacks)?

Answer 37

where exchange takes place

Question 38

what is the function of the diaphragm?

Answer 38

dome-shaped sheet of muscle that contracts and relaxes to help breathing

Question 39

what is the function of the ribs?

Answer 39

protect the lungs

Question 40

what’s the function of the intercostal muscles?

Answer 40

contract and relax to expand or shrink the chest cavity during breathing

Question 41

where does oxygen diffuse?

Answer 41

oxygen diffuses in the blood

Question 42

why are alveoli good at gas exchange?

Answer 42

alveoli are good at gas exchange because they have a large surface area, they have a good bloody supply , their lining is moist and they are very thin

Question 43

what is breathing?

Answer 43

breathing is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs

Question 44

what are the two muscles responsible for breathing?

Answer 44

intercostal muscle and the diaphragm

Question 45

what happens when inhaling?

Answer 45

diaphragm- flat contracts ribs move - up and out chest cavity - larger air moves - in

Question 46

what happens when exhaling?

Answer 46

diaphragm - done relaxes ribs move - down and in chest cavity - smaller air moves - out

Question 47

what is digestion?

Answer 47

digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules and absorption into the blood

Question 48

where does food go when ur leaves the stomach?

Answer 48

it enters the small intestine which is about 6m long and is a muscular tube lined with specialised cells to digest and absorb nutrients

Question 49

what do capillaries absorb?

Answer 49

capillaries absorb glucose and amino acids

Question 50

what happens if the blood vessels in the heart becomes blocked ?

Answer 50

the person suffers from a heart attack

Question 51

what do valves stop?

Answer 51

the back flow of blood

Question 52

what are valves supported by ?

Answer 52

valves are supported by tendons which stop the valve being turned inside out

Question 53

what do the buscupid valves separate

Answer 53

the left artium from the right ventricle

Question 54

what is breathing?

Answer 54

breathing is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs

Question 55

where does gas exchange occur?

Answer 55

gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs