Unit 2-Part 1

Question 1

What does a data structure provide?

Answer 1

provides organization of mathematical and logical concepts of data

Question 2

What is data structure?

Answer 2

-Way of arranging data on a computer memory so that it can be stored, accessed, processed (updated), and retrieved efficiently

Question 3

What are linear data structures?

Answer 3

-The data items are arranged sequentially ex. array

Question 4

What are non linear data structures?

Answer 4

data types are in an unordered sequence ex. graph

Question 5

What are homogenous data structures?

Answer 5

-same type of data items
ex. data items of an array

Question 6

What are heterogenous data structures?

Answer 6

-Various types of data items
ex. abstract data type defined as a class specification in Java

Question 7

What are static data structures?

Answer 7

-Have fixed sizes, structures, and memory locations at compile time

Question 8

What are dynamic data structures?

Answer 8

-Have sizes, structures, and memory locations that can shrink or expand

Question 9

What are examples of linear data structures?

Answer 9

-Stacks
-Queues
-Arrays
-Linked lists

Question 10

How do linear data structures work?

Answer 10

-Each element is linearly connected
-Each element has a reference to the next and previous elements

Question 11

How is memory used in a linear data structure?

Answer 11

-Wastage of memory is more common in linear data structures

Question 12

How do non linear data structures work?

Answer 12

-The elements are connected in a hierarchical manner

Question 13

How is memory used in non linear data structures?

Answer 13

-Memory is consumed wisely
-There is almost no wastage of memory

Question 14

What are examples of non linear data structures?

Answer 14

-Graphs
-Trees

Question 15

What are applications of linear data structures?

Answer 15

-Mainly in application software development

Question 16

What are applications of non linear data structures?

Answer 16

-Artificial Intelligence
-Image processing

Question 17

What is the only concrete data structure provided by Java?

Answer 17

-Array

Question 18

Where are arrays stored?

Answer 18

-Stored in the heap with a reference variable

Question 19

Define Searching?

Answer 19

The process of looking for a specific element inside an array

Question 20

Does Java check the boundary during compilation?

Answer 20

No only during runtime
-ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException will appear on console if the element is not inside the array

Question 21

What is Stack?

Answer 21

Is a collection of elements inserted and removed according to the Last In, First Out
-LIFO

Question 22

The element at the last index of the array is…

Answer 22

the top of the stack

Question 23

Where do Push/Pop operations take place inside a stack?

Answer 23

At the top of the stack

Question 24

What are direct applications of Stack?

Answer 24

-Page visited history in a web browser
-Undo sequence in a text editor

Question 25

What are indirect applications of Stack?

Answer 25

-Auxilliary data structures for algorithms -Component of other data structures

Question 26

What is Queue?

Answer 26

-Collection of items inserted and removed according to the First In, First Out -FIFO

Question 27

How do Queues differ from Stack?

Answer 27

- A queue is open on both ends -One end is used to add data -One end is used to remove data

Question 28

What are indirect applications of Queue?

Answer 28

-Auxiliary data structures for algorithms -Component of other data structures

Question 29

What are direct applications of Queue?

Answer 29

-Waiting Lists -Bureaucracy -Access to shared resources (ex. Printer) -Multiprogramming

Question 30

What is a Linked list?

Answer 30

-A data structure where the objects are arranged in a linear order

Question 31

How are Linked Lists different from Arrays?

Answer 31

-The order of a linked list is determined by a pointer in each object -Unlike the linear order of arrays are based on indices

Question 32

What are the ways Linked Lists can be realized?

Answer 32

-Singly Linked List (SLL) -Doubly Linked List (DLL)

Question 33

What is a Singly Linked List (SLL)?

Answer 33

-A concrete data structure consisting of a sequence of nodes -which start from a head pointer

Question 34

What is a node?

Answer 34

Node store: -Element -Link to the next node via the next node's address

Question 35

List applications of SLL

Answer 35

-Used to implement stacks and queues in ADT -Prevent collision between the data in the hash map -A photo viewer for displaying the photos continuously in a slide show

Question 36

What is a Doubly Linked List?

Answer 36

-A list that can be traversed forward and backward

Question 37

What do the nodes of a Doubly Linked List do?

Answer 37

Store: -element -Link to the previous node -Link to the next node

Question 38

What are operations of DLL?

Answer 38

-In navigation systems where front and back navigation is required -back and forward Botton of web browsers