Unit 2| Part 3 Flashcards
What are motives?
Motives are internal states that activate and direct behavior toward specific goals, generally generated by a deficit (e.g., hunger, thirst).
How do motives differ?
Motives differ in type, quantity, and intensity, depending on the situation or moment (e.g., hunger vs. thirst).
What happens when a motive is activated?
he motive generates a state of need or tension, prompting the person to seek to reduce the tension (e.g., hunger makes the person look for food).
Why are motives considered to belong to the “intrapsychic domain”?
Motives are considered part of the “intrapsychic domain” because they are internal states influencing behavior and are often unconscious.
Can motives be unconscious?
Yes, motives can be unconscious; a person may not fully understand what they want or need.
How are projective techniques related to motives?
Projective techniques are used to uncover unconscious motives, as they can reveal desires or needs that a person may not be fully aware of.
What do people differ in regarding motives?
People differ in the type and strength of their motives.
Are differences in motives measurable?
Yes, differences in motives are measurable.
What do differences in motives cause or associate with?
Differences in motives are associated with important life outcomes, such as successful business or good relationships.
Are differences in motives stable over time?
Yes, differences in the relative number of various motives are stable over time
What question do motives help answer?
Motives help answer the question: “Why do people do what they do?”
Who was Henry Murray?
Henry Murray (1893–1988) was a doctor who studied psychoanalysis with Carl Jung and later devoted his life to psychology.
What did Murray do during World War II?
During World War II, Murray left Harvard and worked in the “Office of Strategic Services,” the precursor to the CIA, conducting research on secret agent selection.
What contributions did Murray make to psychology?
Murray contributed to the development of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and discussed concepts like “need,” “press,” and “apperception.”
How did Murray’s work on the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) impact psychology?
Murray’s work on the TAT was groundbreaking in understanding how people project their needs and motivations onto ambiguous images.
How did Henry Murray define “need”?
Murray defined “need” as a concept similar to the psychoanalytic impulse: “potentiality or readiness to respond in a certain way under certain given circumstances.”
How do needs influence perception?
Needs organize perception, guiding us to see what we want or need.
What do needs refer to?
Needs refer to states of tension. Satisfying the need relieves the tension, and the process of reducing tension is what the person finds satisfying.
What did Murray propose about basic needs?
Murray proposed a list of basic needs, with each person having a different hierarchy of needs.
How do needs interact dynamically?
Needs interact dynamically. For example, a person might have a high need for dominance but also a high or low need for affiliation, influencing their behavior.
What are the components associated with each need (e.g., need for affiliation)?
Each need is associated with:
A specific desire or intention (e.g., desire to have and maintain social relationships).
A concrete set of emotions (e.g., sympathy, happiness).
Specific action tendencies (e.g., accepting people, spending time with others).
Descriptive traits (e.g., loyalty, cordiality, kindness).
What is an example of a specific desire or intention related to the need for affiliation?
The desire to have and maintain social relationships.
What emotions are associated with the need for affiliation?
Emotions such as sympathy and happiness.
What are specific action tendencies related to the need for affiliation?
Action tendencies such as accepting people, spending time with others, and making efforts to maintain relationships.
