Unit 2: Properties Of Matter Flashcards by Case (Cass)

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space (not counting energy)

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Physical property

Anything that can be observed and/or measured without changing the chemical

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Qualitative

Properties that can be observed with 5 senses

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Quantitative

Measured and described by using numbers

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The 3 states of matter

Solid, liquid and gas

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Lustre

Able to reflect light

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Optical clarity

How much light can go through

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Transparent, translucent and opaque

All light goes through, a bit of light, and no light goes through

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Transparent, translucent, and opaque

All light, bit of light and no light can go through it

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Viscosity

How thick a liquid flows

Ex:
Water: non viscous
Honey: viscous

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Hardness

Ability to resist scratching
Assigned a scale (1-10) : quantitative description

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Malleability

A material able to be hammered into thin sheets
Malleable vs non-Malleable (brittle)

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Ductility

Ability to be drawn into wires

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Electrical conductivity

Ability to allow electricity to flow through
Conductive vs non-conductive (inculcating)

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Colour

Appearance of object depending of light reflecting and/or absorbed

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Odour

The way matter smells (reminder to waft)

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Texture/touch

The way matter feels

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Chemical Property

When a substance is created or is chemically changing

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Example of chemical properties

Flamability, reactivity with water, reactivity with other chemicals, toxicity, types of chemical bonds with its form, PH

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Flammability

The ability to burn

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Chemical property: Reaction with water

The ability for material to act with water

Chemical property: reaction with acid

The ability for materials to act with acid

The difference between physical and chemical properties

A physical property is anything that can be observed and/or measured without changing the property(s) itself

A physical property is the ability to change or create a new substance

Difference between physical/chemical PROPERTY and physical/chemical CHANGE

The property is what type it is

The change is the reasoning behind it and the examples for the reasons

Density

A measure of the amount of mass (matter) per unit of volume

Density is... quantitative/qualitative

Density is the example of a quantitative physical property

Equation for density

Mass ÷ volume = density M / V = D

Units for density

The units for density can be g/mL or g/cm³ Depending on the specific problem

How to solve for mass

• Multiply both sides by V (Volume) • Cancel out the v on the right side of the equation top and bottom • Rewrite so that the variable you are solving for is on the left side • Multiply Density and Volume to get Mass

How to solve for volume

• Divide both sides by D • Cancel D out on the right side of the equation (top and bottom) • Rewrite so that the variable you are solving for is on the left • Divide the Mass by Density to get Volume

The 2 categories matter can be broken into

Pure substances and mixtures

Homogeneous

• Mixtures that are of uniform composition throughout • only one phase is visible

Heterogeneous

• mixtures that are not of uniform composition throughout • more than one phase is visible

Homogeneous mixture: solutions

A mixture up of a solute and solvent

Solute and solvent

• The substance that is dissolved • The substance that does the dissolving

Alloys

2+ solids mixed together

All solutions are homogeneous (T/F)

True

Types of heterogeneous mixtures

Ordinary Mechanical Mixtures (Mechanical) Suspension

Ordinary Mechanical Mixtures (Mechanical)

A mixture where you can see the (2+) seperate particles Examples: veggie soup, snack mix, soil

Suspensions

A cloudy mixture that the (2+) substances seperate after being left alone Examples: Sand & Water, Oil & Water

Mechanical Mixtures are mostly: Homogeneous/Heterogeneous

Heterogeneous (not uniform, 2+ visible)

Pure Substance

Made of 1 type of particle and cannot be separated

Types of Pure Substances

Element and Compounds

Element

An element on the periodic table, cannot be broken down simpler (physical or chemical)

Atoms

Smallest unit of measurement of an element, has all properties of the element(s)

Compounds

Formed by 2+ elements joined together

Molecule

The smallest part of a compound

Example of a compound & the molecule it made

Water (H²O) Made up of: 2 hydrogen atoms + 1 oxygen atom = one carbon dioxide (CO²) molecule

Chemical formula

The formula to make a compound and the molecule (when the elements mix into eachother)

Law of Definite Porportions

That compounds are pure substances made up of 2+ elements together on definite ratios Example: water will always be 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen (this cannot change, since it would no longer be water)

Particle Theory

1. All matter is made up of tiny particles that have space between them 2. Different substances that are made up of different kinds of particles 3. The particles that are in constant random motion 4. The particles of a substance move faster as its temperature increases 5. Particles attract each other