Unit 2 review Flashcards
exclusive organelles in eukaryotes vs proaryotes
eukaryotes only have a nucleus + a mitochondria
- membrane enclosed organelles
nucleus
stores + protects DNA
endosymbiotic theory
mitochondria and chloroplast were formerly small prokaryotes that were engulfed by host cells which they eventually because parts of
- known bc they have own DNA + autonomous functions
nucleus
stores loose DNA (Chromatin) w/ nuclear double membrane
nucleolus: assembles ribosomes
ribosomes
make proteins
- reads mRNA + translates into amino acid sequence
- some free and some bound to rough ER
mitochondria
converts food Energy into ATP
Endoplasmic reticulum
channels between nuclear membrane + golgi
- rough(w/ ribosome): makes proteins
- smooth: makes lipids, detoxifies
Golgi complex
processes, packages, secretes substances from vesicles (like flattened sac w/ folds)
lysosomes
digestion inside of the cell
cytoskeleton
maintains cell shape + enables movement
centrosome
2 centrioles that organize spindle fibers
chloroplast
- in plant
- absorbs light + makes sugars
plant cell wall
rigid ouside wall that protects and regulates wate rintake
transmembrane proteins
fully thru bilayer (both sides)
integral proteins
embedded (seen) from 1 side
peripheral proteins
attach to surface of bilayer
in osmosis: water moves from _ to _
hypotonic to hypertonic (more to less water conc)
stomata
pores on underside of lead that allow movement of water + gases (based on osmosis)
