Unit 2 Russia Flashcards
(11 cards)
Nich II
- small, weak and unprepared.
- supported the balck hundreds a right wing antisemetic organisation.
- brough up by Pobedonostev.
- During coronation in 1896 1400 people trampled to death and other injured but corontation and dancing went on.
- nich later visited families of dead.
- Because of 1896 coronnation and 1891 famine where gov didnt cope w crisis and left zemstva and voluntary organisations to do relief work
- Refromist groups gained support by 1900 and outbursts in uni handled by okhrana and even militray in 1901 a squadron of mounted cossacks killed thirteen students in st petersburg and aftermath 1500 students imprisoned at Peter and Paul fortress.
Dsicontent under nich II
- years of the red cockrell were 1902 - 1907
- Peasants set fire to barns destroyed grain and physically assaulte dlandlored and 272 estates burned.
- Stolypoin Response was peasnats shot in thousands and flogged.
- 17000 industrila srike in 1894 to 90000 in 1904.
- 1900 Sergei Zubatov organised police sponsered trade union dismissed in 1903 after general strike in odessa.
- father Gregori Gapon’s union approved ands supported by church and had 8000 memebers.
Russo - Japanese war
- Japanese assault on Russian naval base in port authur in jan 1904.
- Plehve argued a !short swift victory would distact political unrest
- War was 6000 miles from capital
- 27000 Russians, wounded, dead or captured.
- Russian surrendered at Port Arthur in 1905.
- Led to anti gov movments.
When plehve internal affairs minster was hsot thousands in Warsaw celebrated.
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Bloody Sunday
- 9th of Jan 1905
- Outbreak at the Putilov factory involving 150000 workers.
- Gapon lead a peacful march to the winter palace with a petition in hand arguing for better working conditions and political reforms.
- 12000 Troops fired at marchers to break up demonstration and over a hundred deaths sparking outbreak of rebellion spread throughout empire.
- Grand duke Sergei Alexandrovich assasinated.
- Nich finally agreed to meet worker representatives
- and told workers to get back to work.
- 18th feb Nich promises an elected consultive assembly.
- All Russian union of railway workers established begin forming illegal trade unions in April.
- In May Union of unions is ste up demanding civil and political rights.
- A mutiny on the battleship Potekmin. Authorities treid to disperse sympathetic crowds killing 2000.
October manifesto
- By October 1905 Russian empire was near total collapse.
- Witte argued Russia was at the verge of revolution that would ride thousands of years of years of history and Trepov declared mod reforms were a must.
on 17th of oct Tsar signed October manifesto. - Granted civil rights and freedoms of speech and conscious press and assembly for all.
- A state duma elected by universal suffrage.
- Manifesto met with celebration amongst the streets crowds sang songs.
- some general strikes called off
- Kadets and octoberist accepted manifesto.
- Sr’s and SD’s rejected it.
- A radical workers bulletin read “we have been granted a constiution yet autocracy remains.”
- Peasant risings continued.
- on 3rd of Dec 1905 Despite manifesto army remained loyal to Tsar and helped storm the headquaters of the Moscow and St Petersburg Soviets surrounding them, arresting them and forcing them into exile in Siberia.
- 1905 pogroms of left wing jews
- Trepov ordered to spare no bullet sin forcing strike workers to get back to work.
Fundamental laws of April 1906
A new constitution was established and political parties legalised.
- Sr’s and Bolsheviks refused to join due to distrust.
- 5 days before first meeting Tsar issues teh fundamental rights.
- Excersise supreme autocracic power
- Appoints ministers
- Summon and Dissolve the duma
- Initiate and approve legislation
- Rule by Decree during emergency.
The 4 Dumas
1st Duma of may - July 1906 dominated by kadets and radicals with many peasant representatives and demanded
- political amnesty
- suffrage
- seizure of land from gentry
- transfer of ministerial responsability to the duma.
- passed a vote of no confidence on the tsarist gov.
- demands deemed totally inadmissible and duma dissolved.
- Priminister Goremykin replaced by Pyotr Stolypin.
- Delegated issued an appeal to citezens to refuse to pay taxes or do military service in protest against the heavy handed action.
Second Duma
- Led by Stolypin who manouvered elections to increase number of octoberists
- Severely left wing bcs bolsheviks and SR’s participated.
- Lack of support for Stolypins agrarian reform. the duma was often at odds with Stolypin.
- dissolved
Third Duma
Far less oppositional
- Stolypin introd and emergency illegal alw to reduce representaion of peasants and workers.
- disputes over local gov reforms, extending primary education and naval staff.
- suspended twice in 1911 over disputes with tsar.
4th Duma
- Severely mixed with right and left wing.
- Docile and ignored by priminister Vladimir Kokostov.
- Suspneded after demanding more power.
