Unit 2 - section 1 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Unit 2 - section 1 Deck (26)
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1
Q

Compare the level of hazards and risks of field work to working in a lab

A

More uncontrolled risks and hazards for field work

2
Q

3 risks/hazards that must be assessed when working in the field

A

Weather
Isolation
Terrain

3
Q

When sampling wild organisms what should the impact on wild species and habitats be?

A

Minimal

4
Q

How should rare and vulnerable species and habitats be approached?

A

With caution and consideration for any legislation in place

5
Q

How should the sampling technique used to sample wild organisms be decided?

A

Ensure it is appropriate to the species being studied

6
Q

What are quadrats used for?

A

To sample sessile or slow moving organisms

7
Q

When sampling wild organisms what capture technique is used for mobile species?

A

Point count - involves counting species while they are stationary

8
Q

How are elusive species sampled?

A

Direct method - camera traps involve remote detection of species using cameras to record them

Indirect method - scar sampling shows where animal has been

9
Q

3 methods used for identification of samples.

A

Keys
Classification guides
DNA and protein analysis

10
Q

What are the taxonomic groupings of life?

A
Domain 
Kingdom
Phylum (animals) / division (plants)
Class
Order
Family
Genus 
Species
11
Q

Why is familiarity with the taxonomic groupings important?

A

Allows predictions and interferences to be made between the biology of an organism and the better known model organism

12
Q

What is the importance of genetic evidence in classification?

A

Reveals true relatedness between organisms. Important as relatedness can sometimes be skewed by convergent and divergent evolution

13
Q

What are the 3 domains of life?

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryotes

14
Q

What are the sub categories of the plant kingdom?

A
Mosses
Liverworts
Conifers
Ferns
Flowering plants
15
Q

What are the 5 animal phyla?

A

Chordata - sea squirts and vertebrates
Arthropoda - joint legged invertebrates segmented body usually paired with appendages
Nematoda - round worm, very diverse, usually parasitic
Platyhelminthes - flatworms, bilateral symmetry, internal organs but no cavity, parasite
Mollusca - molluscs, diverse, many have shells

16
Q

What is a model organism and why would it be used?

A

An organism that is used to study more complex organisms

Allows information to be collected that can be applied to species that are more difficult to study directly

17
Q

Why are model organisms important?

A

For the advancement of knowledge

18
Q

What are indicator species and how are they used to monitor populations?

A

Species whose presence, absence or abundance gives information about environmental qualities such as presence of pollutants

19
Q

What are mark and recapture techniques used for?

A

To estimate the population size

20
Q

What is the formula used to estimate population size?

A

N=MC/R

Where N is total population, M is number of pop marked first time, C is number of pop marked in second sample, R is number of pop that was recaptured

21
Q

What does mark and recapture assume?

A

All individuals have same chance of being captured
There is no immigration or emigration
There is no birth or death during the sample
Sampling methods are identical each time

22
Q

What are the different methods used to mark populations to allow them to be tracked?

A
Rings or bands 
Transmitters
Tagging
Colour marking
Hair clipping
23
Q

What should be ensured when picking the method of marking?

A

That it has the least impact on the species being studied

24
Q

What is an ethogram and how is if used by biologists?

A

Produced by observing animals in natural and semi-natural surroundings
Biologists use it to study animals natural behaviour

25
Q

What measurements should be taken when recoding animal behaviour?

A

Duration - start and stop time of each behaviour
Time budget - proportion of overall time carrying out certain behaviours
Latency - time between stimulation and response
Frequency of behaviour
Overall length of time of observation

26
Q

What is anthropomorphism and what precautions should be taken when recording animal behaviour?

A

It is giving animals human emotions and traits
Anthropomorphism should be avoided when recording animal behaviour as the behaviour may be misinterpreted and would make the conclusion invalid.