Unit 2- Semester 2 Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
What book about the gilded age did Mark Twain and Dudly Warner write?
A
“The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today”
2
Q
What does “gilded” mean?
A
Golden
3
Q
What is the Gilded Age?
A
“The Golden Age”
Time where America embraces capitalism market
Was the gold real or fake?
4
Q
What does capital mean?
A
Money
5
Q
What does capitalism mean?
A
Wanting to gain profit
6
Q
Who were the “ Robber barons”?
A
Ridiculously rich
7
Q
Who was Herbert Spencer?
A
Darwin’s uncle who inspired him
First to use term “survival of the fittest”
8
Q
How did railroads pay?
A
They paid in chits, a special currency where only rail company stores accept it
Basically share cropping
9
Q
Why was the creation of America’s first middle class so important to the community?
A
Offers balance Gives a cushion for the upper class to fall on Provides a ladder for lower class to climb their way up
10
Q
What kinds of new inventions create new trends?
A
Magazines-fashion and hair trends
“Talking machine” record player- music
11
Q
Who was the babe Ruth candy bar named after?
A
Baby Ruth Cleveland
Daughter of Grover and Frankie Cleveland, and the only baby born in the White House
12
Q
What 6 new states were added under President Harrison?
A
Washington, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota
13
Q
Aleck Bell
A
Born in Scotland, UK
When his mother went deaf, he wanted to build a sound machine to help her
Taught Hellen Keller
Founded deaf schools
First version of téléphoné could hear sounds but not words
14
Q
Elisha Grey
A
Entered for téléphoné patent at same time as Bell
Lost getting the patent
15
Q
What was Bell’s goal with the telephone?
A
Voice recognition
16
Q
What were Bell’s first words over the telephone?
A
“Mr. Watson, come here. I need you.”
March 10, 1876
17
Q
What telegraph company turned down Bell’s offer for his patent?
A
Western Union
18
Q
What things occurred that helped Bell to suceed?
A
Founds “Bell Telephone”
Creates new market to capitalize invention
Within 1 year he produced $25,000,000
Founds “Bell Laboratories”
- “think tank” for employees to come up with ideas
19
Q
Holcomb’s Patent
A
Acoustic speaking telephone
1878
20
Q
What things did Bell Labs create for WWII in 1880
A
Hydrofoil boats
Metal detectors
Motorized kite
21
Q
Thomas Alva Edison
A
Holds most patents Began as a telegraph operator "Wizard of Menlow Park, NY" Phonograph- first sound machine Projector First alkaline nickel storage battery
22
Q
What was the first motion picture ever shown?
A
THE GREAT TRAIN ROBBERY
1903
Silent movie with piano player
23
Q
Who did Edison partner with to capitalize his invention of the light bulb?
A
J.P. Morgan
Richest man alive
24
Q
How was electricity first unveiled for the people of Wall Street?
A
Party at J.P. Morgan’s house and the servants blew out all the candles and he flipped a switch on
25
What neighborhood was the first to have electricity?
Wall Street
26
What did electricity mean to America?
Better factory work
Power machines
Night shifts
Loss of jobs due to machinery but also an increase because of night hours
27
What electrical company did Edison found?
GE
28
What kind of current did Edison use?
Direct current (DC)
- very stable and easy to contain
- didn't travel far so required stations every few miles
29
Who was George Westinghouse?
Invented railroad safety devices (brakes)
Shock absorbers for rail cars
Switch systems for tracks
Wanted to develop alternating current
30
Who was Nikola Tesla?
Hungarian immigrant
Worked for Edison's think tank and solved his impossible challenge but never received credit or reward
Went to work with Westinghouse
Solves problem and bankrupts Edison
31
What happened to Leonard Pope?
He was the best electrician, hired by Westinghouse to work on alternating current, touches water and is electrocuted to death
32
How did Edison use Leonard Pope's accident and other methods to try to destroy Westinghouse and alternating current?
Advertised Pope's death and blamed AC
Won auction to fashion an electric chair and used AC yo show how cruel it can be
Wanted electrocution yo be called "Westinghousing"
33
What were nicknames of Nikola Tesla?
"Father of Physics"
"The man who invented the 20th century"
"Master of Lightning"
"Patron Saint of Modern Electricity"
34
What national feature was auctioned for an electrical project?
Niagara Falls
Goal was to build water powered turbines to create electricity
AC or DC?
Westinghouse won bid and he and Tesla started working
35
What were the Tesla coils and why were they built?
Theory of using coils to build towers to create electricity
| Goal was to create free electricity for the world
36
Who stole Tesla's work on the radio and eventually destroyed Tesla?
Guglielmo Marconi
| Uses the notes Tesla published and builds radio too, only completes it first and ends up winning a Nobel Prize
37
In 1866 who laid transatlantic telegraph cable to Europe
Cyrus W. Field
38
Where did the steel industry begin?
Pittsburgh
39
What was "scientific management" nicknamed?
"Taylorism"
40
What was the name of the first brand of sewing machines?
Singer
41
Bessemer Steel- where did it start and how did it help?
Pittsburgh
| Allowed taller buildings, called "skyscrapers"
42
What did Elisha Otis invent to help safety within Skyscrapers?
A safety elevator
| Of the elevator cord ever snapped, the cogs in the machine would snap into place and hold the elevator up
43
What was the first skyscraper?
Chicago Home Insurance Building
- 10 stories
- later added 2 more stories
- 1884
44
Who were the architects that began to make buildings look appealing?
Louis Sullivan and his apprentice, Frank Lloyd Wright
45
What kinds of things began to appear as mass transit became more popular?
Horse-pulled trolley cars
Electric cars with cables
Subways
46
What is the story behind LA
Small town founded in 1700s, William Mulholland puts it on the map because he built a concrete aqueduct that drained water from a lake in the valley to bring water to LA
Also built many dams along the way to generate electricity for the city
47
Henry Heinz
German immigrant
Pittsburgh
Uses large bottles to advertise
The number "57" to make it memorable
First ketchup made from mushrooms because tomatoes were being blamed for lead poisoning
1st to guarantee pure product, clear bottles, good workspace for employees
Billboards
"To do a common thing uncommonly well will bring success"- Col. 3:23-24
48
Asa Candle
```
Advertiser for Coca-Cola
Shaped bottles to be curvy
Used the color red
Fancy handwriting
Right off the shelf instead of mixing
```
49
Richard Sears & Alvah C. Roebuck
Begins buying everyday items in bulk and then selling them through catalogs
1st to use mail order systems to deliver products
Allows for people in isolated areas to still have nice things
Used gift certificates "Searsbucks"
1st to use customer testimonies
50
Trade cards used for advertising
Baseball player cards in cigarettes
51
Captains of Industry
People who had a monopoly on an industry
52
J.P. Morgan
His father was the first person to own a bank
Looked for inefficient companies that were losing money and then bought and improved them
Inspiration was "Taylorism" by Frederick Winslow Taylor, who was the first to promote efficiency
53
James Buchanan "Buck" Duke
Southerner
Wanted to help the South rise again
Got patent for cigarette machines since cigs were very popular
"Duke Electric"
Built hydropower plants and dams in rivers
54
John D. Rockefeller
"Standard Oil"
Believes in Darwinism and Survival of the Fittest
Bought out all competition
Called the Cleveland Massacre because all competition was eaten up
Had a competitor and bought a rail line and took down their oil lines
55
What was the 1887 Interstate Commerce Act and who was it made for?
Ruled that railroads can't make special deals for certain people, one fair rate for everyone
Rockefeller
- finds a way around it on ten back end
56
What was the Sherman Anti-Trust Act (Anti- Monopoly)?
1890
Sponsored by Senator Sherman
Made the government a watchdog to keep companies from destroying competition and having monopolies
Because of this, Rockefeller was caught and his company was destroyed
57
Henry Ford
Invented the ability for commoners to have cars
Used the assembly line to produce a Model T every 24 seconds
Turned Detroit into "Motown"- a motor city
Model T was first car produced globally
58
Cornelius Vanderbuilt
"The Commoder"
Poor boy who saved money to buy a ferry and earn money by transporting people across River, eventually grew to transporting people from coast to coast
Cutthroat
Sabotaged other boats
Turned to railroad business, standardizes gauge size so all trains can run on all tracks
59
What happened when Vanderbuilt left the industry?
there was a huge strike
Workers were sabotaging railroads, riots lasted 45 days
President Hayes made a big mistake and sent in the military
70 US workers were killed by the US military
60
Where did all the immigrants arrive?
Ellis Island
61
What happened when all of the immigrants flooded into the country?
Cities were under pressure, building more skyscrapers
| Shortages of food, space, jobs
62
What was the Statue of Liberty called?
Liberty Enlightening the World
63
Who wrote the poem at the base of the statue?
Emma Lazarus
64
What was the unbelievable growth rate of Chicago?
570%
65
What were minstrel shows
Performances where a white person would dress up as a black person and ok aged the role of a happy slave
1st motion pic with sound was the "Jazz Singer"' starring Al Jolsten in 1927,
First sound on screen ever was a happy plantation song sung by Jolsten
66
What did some people use to shun Irish?
INNA
| Irish Need Not Apply
67
Ghetto
Slum
68
Thomas Burns
```
NYC police commissioner for 15 years
Considered "superhero"
First to decide to keep records of criminals for previous records
- mug shot
1st to endorse studying psychology
1st national crime registry
```
69
Tenements
```
12 people crammed into 1-2 small rooms
No ventilation
The construction was a fire trap
No restrooms
No building codes
```
70
Jacob Riis
Made ghettos famous by photographing the and writing boom "How the Other Half Lives"
1st flash photography book with social commentary, bestseller
This lead to the slums being destroyed and the buildings having codes that required bathrooms, ventilation, sanitation, fire escape
71
Colonel Waring
```
America's "Apostle of Cleanliness"
Had employees all dressed in white to go around and clean the city streets
Beginning of landfills
Started sewer systems
Sprinkler systems
```
72
The Settlement House Movement
Jane Adams
| Teaching immigrants about American culture and how to assimilate
73
The Women's Christian Temperance Union
Carrie A. Nation
Fierce old lady from KC
Wanted to stop alcohol
"Good morning, destroyer of men's souls!"
Carried a hatchet and Bible
Ride train to every town
She would preach and then smash the saloon
74
The National American Women's Suffrage Association
Susan B. Anthony
| Founder and crusader of women's suffrage movement, largest movement in US history
75
YMCA and YWCA
```
Began as a hotel with a gymnasium
Bible study
Offered refuge and fellowship
Exercise encouraged
Safe family environment
Invented volleyball
```
76
Salvation Army
```
Protestant Reformation
Sorta like their own religion
Christian sect
Dressed like soldiers
Played music in streets
Dwight L. Moody was a member
```
77
Who created patronage
Martin Van Buren
78
Who won the election of 1880
James A. Garfield
Ran on theme of "civil service reform"
Was shot at railroad 4 months later and doctors ended up killing him
79
Who shot Garfield?
Charles Guiteau
"I did it, and I want to be arrested! Arthur is president now!"
Mentally insane
Did all sorts of things without the authority to do so
Held in captivity awaiting trial until President dies
80
What was unique about President Garfield?
Only president who was ordained minister
81
Why were there no secret service for presidents
"Kings travel with bodyguards, presidents are one with the people"
82
What was the Pendleton Civil Service Act?
1883
Sets up current civil service system
Gets rid of patronage
Promotes job competition
83
What is a phrase describing Horatio Alger?
Pluck and Luck
84
Lester Frank Ward
"Dynamic Sociology"
Argued that civilization was not governed by natural selection but by human intelligence, which could shape society as it wished
85
Social Labor Party
1870s
| Led by Daniel DeLeon
86
Who were the presidents of the Guilded Age?
```
Rutherford B. Hayes
James A. Garfield
Chester Alan Arthur
Grover Cleveland
Benjamin Harrison
Grover Cleveland
```
87
What were the six new states added during Harrison's presidency?
```
Washington
Idaho
Montana
Wyoming
North Dakota
South Dakota
```
88
Edison had a ticker tape machine
Before he started inventing
89
What does GE stand for?
General Electric
90
What began to replace cobblestone, boardwalks, and brick surfaces? Why?
Concrete. Too many injuries from ice on the slick surfaces
91
Where was the world's first subway tunnel constructed?
Under Boston Harbor
92
Andrew Carnegie
Steel Baron
Brooklyn Bridge, let people go between NY and Brooklyn
Pittsburgh
Plant worked 24/7
Pollution from the plant
"The man who dies rich dies disgraced...Surplus wealth is a sacred trust which its possessor is bound to administer in his lifetime for the good of the community"
Built libraries
93
What did Dwight L. Moody lead?
The charge in the new calling of "urban evangelism"
94
What dos President Arthur's International Meridian Conference of 1884 give us?
Our current system of latitude, longitude, and time zones
