Unit 2 slide 1

Question 1

Neuropsychology

Answer 1

Studies the
connection between neuroscience (the
study of the brain and the nervous system)
and bodily systems and behavior

Question 2

Nervous System

Answer 2

A collection of organs including neurons

and supportive systems

Question 3

Neuron

Answer 3

A nerve cell

Question 4

Hormones

Answer 4

Chemical messengers that are

produced by endocrine glands

Question 5

Glia

Answer 5

Support and protect neurons
• Compose approximately 50% of the total
volume of the brain
• Manage and organize the nervous system
by directing where neurons grow
• Control how neurons communicate and
connect

Question 6

Interneuron

Answer 6

A neuron that
communicates only with other
neurons

Question 7

Afferent nerve fibers

Answer 7

Neurons that move information
toward the brain and spinal
cord

Question 8

– Efferent nerve fiber

Answer 8

: A type of
neuron that carries impulses
away from the central nervous
system

Question 9

Types of Neurons

Answer 9

Sensory neuron
Motor neuron
Mirror neuron

Question 10

Sensory neuron

Answer 10

A neuron that is
responsible for carrying external stimuli to
the central nervous system for processing

Question 11

Motor neuron

Answer 11

A type of neuron that

interfaces with muscles and glands

Question 12

Mirror neuron

Answer 12

A type of neuron that fires
when an individual watches an action and
when performing the action

Question 13

The Structure of a Neuron

Answer 13

Dendrite
Soma
Axon
Nerves
Myelin sheath
Axon terminal
Terminal button

Question 14

Dendrite

Answer 14

A nerve cell structure that

receives information from other cells

Question 15

Soma

Answer 15

The part of the neuron that keeps
the cell alive and contains the genetic
material for the cell

Question 16

Axon

Answer 16

The part of the neuron that carries

the nerve impulse away from the soma

Question 17

Nerves

Answer 17

Bundles of neurons

Question 18

Myelin sheath

Answer 18

• A fatty substance that
  insulates the axon and enables efficient
  transmission.

Question 19

Axon terminal(Terminal button)

Answer 19

The part of the neuron that
discharges and recycles neurotransmitters also called the
terminal button

Question 20

Neurotransmitters

Answer 20

Chemical
messengers that transmit
information from one neuron to
another

Question 21

Synapse

Answer 21

An area that includes
three structures
– presynaptic neuron
– synaptic gap/cleft
– postsynaptic neuron

Question 22

presynaptic neuron

Answer 22

The terminal

button of the sending neuron

Question 23

synaptic gap/cleft

Answer 23

The space

between one neuron and the next

Question 24

postsynaptic neuron

Answer 24

The
receptor sites on dendrite of the
receiving neuron

Question 25

Depolarize

Answer 25

The process by which an axon | becomes more positive

Question 26

All-or-none law

Answer 26

The concept that either a | neuron fires or it doesn’t.

Question 27

Repolarize

Answer 27

The process by which a neuron’s axon will return to the resting potential

Question 28

Absolute refractory period

Answer 28

The point after an action potential when the neuron cannot produce another action potential no matter the intensity of the stimulation

Question 29

Synaptic vesicle

Answer 29

A sac that contains | neurotransmitters in the axon terminal

Question 30

Receptor site

Answer 30

An area on the dendrite | that receives neurotransmitters

Question 31

Postsynaptic potential

Answer 31

``` Changes in the dendrite of the receiving neuron as the result of its binding with neurotransmitters – Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential – Inhibitory Postsynaptic ```

Question 32

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential

Answer 32

Causes a positive voltage shift in the resting potential of the postsynaptic neuron, triggering the neuron to fire.

Question 33

Inhibitory Postsynaptic

Answer 33

Causes a negative voltage shift in the resting potential of the postsynaptic neuron, preventing the neuron from firing.

Question 34

Synaptic Pruning

Answer 34

``` The destruction of less active synapses to organize an improve efficiency of the neural connections ```

Question 35

The central nervous system consists of:

Answer 35

Spinal cord | Brain

Question 36

Spinal cord

Answer 36

a collection of neurons that run from the base of the brain and down your back, protected by a spinal column

Question 37

Electrical stimulation

Answer 37

A technique used to stimulate neural networks in the nervous system (also known as deep brain stimulation)

Question 38

Transcranial magnetic stimulation | TMS

Answer 38

A procedure that uses electromagnetic coils to activate nerve cells in the brain

Question 39

Electroencephalograph | EEG

Answer 39

A device that measures the electrical activity in the brain

Question 40

Computerized | tomography (CT)

Answer 40

``` Uses computer enhanced X rays that are helpful at examining brain structures. Also called CT scans ```

Question 41

Positron emission | tomography (PET)

Answer 41

Uses radioactive glucose to indicate areas of activity

Question 42

• Magnetic resonance | imaging (MRI)

Answer 42

Uses magnets and radio equipment to produce detailed images

Question 43

Functional magnetic resonance imagining (fMRI)

Answer 43

used to measures | changes in blood flow

Question 44

Midbrain

Answer 44

Part of the brainstem involved in control of sensory processes – Substantia nigra

Question 45

Substantia nigra

Answer 45

A midbrain structure that is | responsible for initiation of movement

Question 46

Plasticity

Answer 46

``` The ability of the nervous system to adapt by creating new neural pathways – Structural plasticity – Functional plasticity ```

Question 47

– Structural plasticity

Answer 47

The brain’s ability to | change in response to the environment

Question 48

– Functional plasticity

Answer 48

The capacity to change areas of the brain that are responsible for activities

Question 49

Endorphins

Answer 49

Chemicals linked to pain | perception and reward

Question 50

Adrenal glands

Answer 50

Important glands of the endocrine system consisting of the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla

Question 51

Gonads

Answer 51

An organ that secretes sex | hormones

Question 52

Adaptation

Answer 52

A process by which a characteristic increases in a population because it makes reproduction or survival more likely

Question 53

Fitness

Answer 53

The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation.

Question 54

Natural selection

Answer 54

Varying success in reproduction resulting from the interaction of an organism with the environment