Unit 2 Study Flashcards
where did people use to think the earth was?
in the center of the universe, This idea was held by Aristotle, who was a classical
thinker widely viewed as one of the most
authoritative sources of knowledge
Who put for the heliocentric theory? Placing the sun at the center of the universe?
Copernicus
What did Kelper discover?
provided mathematical formulas that
helped prove the Copernican hypothesis
What did Galileo discover? What was he found guilty for?
made high-quality observations that further
proved the Copernican hypothesis
He was found guilty of heresy and condemned
by the Inquisition for his public support of
Copernicus’s theory
What did newton discover?
developed the law of universal gravitation,
which explained why objects orbit each other in
space
Who said: Said that people can gain knowledge
only if they rid their minds of false beliefs. He
outlined a method of scientific investigation that
depended on close observation
Francis Baron
Who said: Said that to gain knowledge that
was certain, people should doubt every statement
until logic proved it to be true. He saw the physical
universe as obeying universal mathematic laws
Rene Descartes
Who was one of the most famous thinkers of the enlightenment? What did he believe in?
Voltaire, Believed in reforming society in the name of justice
and human happiness, Warned against superstition, error, and oppression
Believed very strongly in empiricism, the idea
that all knowledge is based on experience
derived from the senses
He also championed religious tolerance (the
acceptance of different religious beliefs and
customs)
WHAT WERE ENLIGHTENMENT SALONS?
Forums where the wealthy and famous would
discuss social questions and literary works
They were often hosted by aristocratic women, such
as Madame Geoffrin
Traditional authorities, such as the Catholic Church
and monarchies, typically did not support salons, as
they bypassed common forms of censorship and
control of information
Who were the enlightenment monarchs?
Frederick the Great of
Prussia
Catherine the Great of
Russia
Joseph II of Austria
Enlightened monarchs founded universities and scientific societies
Introduced reforms such as greater religious tolerance and an end to torture and
executions
They did not go too far, as they didn’t want to anger the nobles, or lose their own power
