Unit 2 Test Flashcards

Question

The Ferret Experiment description (case study)

Answer 1

Is Nature or Nurture Responsible for Wiring the Brain’s Functions? Brains of ferrets were restructured Rewired auditory and visual cortex connection

Answer 2

Vision and hearing decreased, but still intact; remarkable plasticity of the brain Environment can help genetic potential

Answer 3

Can disadvantaged vision in a newborn impact brain development? 5 weeks, right eye cataract (clouded foggy lens) that must be removed immediately

Answer 4

Removal is critical for development. Neuronal network must be formed to stable Use it or lose it will impact brain permanently Messages from sight need o be transmitted for cognitive maturity - malformed sight will prevent this

Answer 5

Post-op, healed one week later Needs contacts for the rest of her life Eye now open to the brain - needs opportunity to strengthen communication

Answer 6

Learning and memory

Answer 7

-More easily damaged hippocampus -Blocks long term “potentiation” in adolescent brain tissue - Memory formations relies on neurotransmitter “glutamate” - Glutamate strengthens a cell’s electrical stimulation when it binds to a docking port called NMDA receptors If the receptor is blocked, so it long term potentiation and thus memory formation

Answer 8

``` Jittery hands Headaches Intense anxiety Perform more poorly on tests of cognition and learning Short-term memory loss ```

Answer 9

Brain’s chief decision maker and voice of reason Executes thought processes, long-term planning, abstract thinking and integrating information

Answer 10

Damages sense of smell Damages back of the brain to frontal areas of the brain Damages interconnected parts of the brain that process sensory information and memories Binge drinking makes permanent long-term changes to the brain which in turn impacts the formation of an adult personality

Answer 11

Attention deficits Memory and problem solving deficits Cell death

Answer 12

From childhood to adolescence because the brain is still developing (PFC for adolescents) and neurons are in the process of solidifying and/or being pruned back

Answer 13

The younger the brain is, the more at risk someone is Youth may be losing 7 to 10 percent of their brain function without realizing Alcohol consumption is much more detrimental to brain development that previously thought The younger someone is when they begin to regularly drink alcohol, the more likely that individual will eventually become an alcohol

Answer 14

Raising a Healthy Child Depends on Time - and Timing how a child turns out relies mainly on how they were brought up, what situations they were in, how much enrichment they recieved, and how their parents were towards them. (birth to age 3)

Answer 15

children in poor families have twice as many negative outcomes (chronic health problems, hyperactivity, school problems and emotional disorders) and triple the rate of conduct disorders (aggressive and antisocial behaviour) compared to children in families that are not poor. However, the survey also showed that poor children who receive good parenting do adjust as well as - an sometimes better than - badly parented children of middle-class or wealthy families.

Answer 16

``` Physical abuse Sexual abuse Physical neglect Emotional neglect Psychological abuse etc ```

Answer 17

- children with more challanges to raise are more likley to be mistreated (ex overreactive) - parents who believe they cant do anything to fix their childs behaviour - Once maltreatment begins, it becomes part of family relationship and harshness increases - Parents rarely express pleasure or affection, rarely interact with their children - Unmanageable parental stress prompts extreme responses – stressors include: low income, unemployment, marital conflict, overcrowded living conditions, frequent moves, substance abuse, extreme household disorganization

Answer 18

- Most abusive and neglectful parents are isolated from social supports in their communities - Many parents have learned to mistrust and avoid others; they do not have the skills to maintain positive relationships with relatives or friends - These parents often live in poverty stricken neighbourhoods with few links between family and community; the communities lack resources: parks, child-care centres, preschool programs, churches, etc.

Answer 19

-Refers to the cultural values, laws, and customs of the society that the family resides Societies that view violence as an acceptable way to solve problems set the stage for child abuse -Example1: Conditions exist in U.S.A. -Strong support for use of physical force with children, even though laws against maltreatment) Television, crime rates, courts upheld rights for schools to use corporal punishment 90% of American parents report using slaps and spankings to discipline -Example 2: China, Japan, Luxemburg, Sweden -Physical punishment is not accepted and child abuse is rare

Answer 20

yes Babies reared in severely deprived family situations or institutions show delays in early motor milestones, demonstrate immature play and are overly fearful of new situations for exploration Mental development generally remains substantially behind during childhood and adolescence

Answer 21

Through most of the first year, they laid in their cribs and received practically no individual attention from caregivers Extreme delay in motor and language development resulted Many did not sit up until the age of 1 or walk until well into preschool years Their IQs between 1 and 6 years were severely depressed, averaging only 53 (IQ 70 or less = developmentally delayed) Later studies support this finding, in 1998 Rutter found that the earlier infants are removed from deprived conditions, the greater their catch up of development

Answer 22

Healthy children who receive too much stress and too little affection are likely to lag far behind their age-mates in physical growth and motor development Failure-to-thrive syndrome (failure to grow normally) characterize as many as 6% of preschool children in the U.S.A.

Answer 23

Brother and sister who grew normally for first 4 months At 4 months, shit happened in family mom was like fuck u guys Sister continued to grow normally, twin brother at 13 months was about the size of an average 7 month old infant Growth was severely hindered - called deprivation dwarfism

Answer 24

- Deprivation dwarfism is believed to be directly related to emotional deprivation. At home studies of school-age children who had an emotionally unresponsive teacher also grew at a slower rate than their peer - How does a lack of affection cause dwarfism? - Theory is that emotional traumas cause a growth slowdown by inhibiting the production of pituitary growth hormones - Long term emotional deprivation may result in child being physically smaller than normal as well as having long-term social and intellectual deficits

Answer 25

- Respond inappropriately and aggressively to distressed peers - Instead of showing sympathy and compassion is more likely to have angry responses - More likely to be abusive (but not to their own children) - Learn aggression as a way of solving problems - More likely to attempt suicide during adolescence - At school there are more serious discipline problems - Noncompliance, low motivation, and cognitive immaturity interfere with academic achievement - Majority do not abuse their own children - Can lead to abnormal EEG activity and altered production of stress hormones - Fearful, anxious, depressed and low in self esteem - More prone to antisocial or self destructive acts (i.e. sexual promiscuity and drug abuse)

Answer 26

- Provide social supports to families (Parents Anonymous, family therapy) - Crisis intervention services, hotlines, nurseries that provide temporary care - Announcements in social media, newspapers, magazines, television, and radio designed to educate new parents - Identify high risk families and provide them with assistance - Provide stress management, communication skills, relaxation techniques, problem solving strategies

Answer 27

Theory of Multiple Intelligences - Refers to several separate “primary mental abilities” - There are at least 7 different types of intelligences - Intelligences do not work in isolation; individuals passes each of the intelligences, but some intelligences are stronger than others - Individuals often excel in one of these areas but have no remarkable abilities in the other six

Answer 28

- logical - linguistic - musical - Visual-Spatial - Bodily-Kinesthetic - Interpersonal - Intrapersonal

Answer 29

will excel at mathematics and is a good problem solve

Answer 30

Sensitive to sounds, rhythms and meanings of words

Answer 31

Ability to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch and timbre

Answer 32

Capacity to perceive visual-spatial world accurately

Answer 33

Ability to control one’s body movements, Handles objects with skill

Answer 34

Understands and respond appropriately to the moods, feelings, motivations and desires of other people

Answer 35

Understands own feelings and to draw on them to guide behaviour, Knowledge of own strengths, weaknesses, desires, and intelligences AKA yassification

Answer 36

Pronology - structure semantics - meaning grammar - indication pragmatics - engagement Phonology: Component of language concerned with the rules governing the structure of sequencing speech sounds Semantics: Component of language concerned with understanding the meaning of words and word combination Grammar: Component of language concerned with syntax, the rules by which words are arranged into sentences, and morphology, the use of grammatical markers that indicate number, tense, case, person, gender, active or passive voice, and other meanings (prefixes/suffixes) Pragmatics: Component of language concerned with how to engage in effective and appropriate communication with others. This area involves sociolinguistic knowledge, where the society dictates how language should be spoken

Answer 37

Operant Conditioning Some behaviourists believe it is through imitation that children acquire complex utterances. Utterances are combined with reinforcement to promote language This means parents are participating in continuous language tutor modelling for their children

Answer 38

Mental structures are the heart of our capacity to interpret and generate language. His theory regards language as a biologically based, uniquely human accomplishment He believed rules of sentence organization are too complex to be directly taught to or discovered by cognitively immature young children

Answer 39

Symbolic interactionism - people evaluate their own conduct by comparing themselves with others Active children observe and engage in social exchanges with others. From these experiences, children build a communication system that relates the form and content of language to its social meaning

Unit 2 Test Flashcards

(63 cards)