Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Gr. 11 Intro to SAP > Unit 2 Test Review > Flashcards

Unit 2 Test Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is Social Psychology?

A

Study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in social contexts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does Psychology differ from Sociology

A

Psychology focuses on individuals, while sociology studies groups and institutions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bystander Effect

A

People are less likely to help in an emergency when others are present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A

Assuming someone else will act.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pluralistic Ignorance

A

Assuming no help is needed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ambiguity

A

Unclear situations reduce likelihood of action.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Conformity

A

Going along with the group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Obedience

A

Definition: Following direct orders from an authority figure.

Findings: People obey authority figures even when harming others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why do people obey?

A

Social pressure

Fear of consequences

Authority’s legitimacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Conformity

A

Definition: Changing behavior to fit group norms.

Findings: People conform to group opinions, even when wrong (Groupthink).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Groupthink

A

Desire for harmony leads to poor decision-making.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Compliance vs. Acceptance

A

Compliance – Acting a certain way publicly but disagreeing privately.

Acceptance – Genuinely believing and internalizing group norms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Psychology?

A

Study of thoughts, behaviors, and emotions.

Schools of Thought: Psychodynamic, Behaviorism, Humanism, Cognitive, Biological.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Psychodynamic Theory & Psychoanalysis (Freud)

A

Past experiences shape behavior; hidden desires influence actions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Freud’s Model of the Mind (Iceburg)

A

Conscious – Thoughts we are aware of.

Preconscious – Memories, easily recalled.

Unconscious – Hidden thoughts & desires.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ego Defence Mechanisms: Repression

A

Blocking unwanted memories or thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ego Defence Mechanisms: Regression

A

Acting younger than your age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ego Defence Mechanisms: Reaction Formation

A

Acting opposite to how you feel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ego Defence Mechanisms: Projection

A

Attributing your feelings to someone else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ego Defence Mechanisms: Rationalization

A

Justifying bad behavior with logic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ego Defence Mechanisms: Displacement

A

Taking out emotions on a safer target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ego Defence Mechanisms: Denial

A

Refusing to accept reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ego Defence Mechanisms: Sublimination

A

Channeling impulses into acceptable behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ego Defence Mechanisms: Intellectualization

A

Focusing on logic to avoid emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Ego Defence Mechanisms: Suppression
Consciously pushing thoughts away
26
Freud’s Psychosexual Development: Stages
1. Oral Stage (0-1.5 years) 2. Anal Stage (1.5-3 years) 3. Phallic Stage (3-6 years) 4. Latency Period (6-Puberty) 5. Genital Stage (Puberty onward)
27
Oral Stage
0-1.5 years Zone: Mouth (sucking, biting) Task: Weaning Overindulged → Optimistic, gullible Under-indulged → Pessimistic, envious
28
Anal Stage
1.5-3 years Zone: Bowel control Task: Potty training Anal Retentive → Neat, organized Anal Expulsive → Messy, reckless
29
Phallic Stage
3-6 years Zone: Genitals Task: Overcome Oedipus/Electra complex Fixation → Fear of intimacy
30
Latency Period
6-Puberty Sexual drives dormant Focus on friendships
31
Genital Stage
Puberty onward Libido returns to genitals Healthy development = Stable relationships
32
Karen Horney
Criticized Freud’s sexism, emphasized social & cultural factors.
33
Carl Jung
Personal vs. Collective Unconscious Archetypes – Universal symbols
34
Alfred Adler
Focused on Inferiority Complex & Birth Order Theory.
35
Erik Erikson & Psychosocial Development
Expanded Freud's ideas Stages of Development – Each stage has a psychosocial crisis.
36
Identity vs. Identity confusion / Role confusion
Find a sense of self and figure out identity
37
Virtues
Positive traits gained from each stage
38
Maladaptation
Too much of the positive
39
Malignancy
Too much of the negative
40
Nature vs. Nurture
Inherited vs. Learned Behaviour
41
Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of Needs (triangle) We must meet basic needs before we can grow and reach our full potential.
42
Viktor Frankl & Logotherapy
Studied Holocaust survivors. Disagreed with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
43
Carl Rogers & Client-Centered Therapy
Developed Client-Centered Therapy People grow best when they feel accepted and understood.
44
What is Learning?
Change in behavior due to experience.
45
Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)
Learning through association.
46
UCS
Unconditioned Stimulus Naturally triggers response.
47
UCR
Unconditioned Response Natural reaction
48
NS
Neutral Stimulus Initially meaningless
49
CS
Conditioned Stimulus Formerly neutral, now triggers response
50
CR
Conditioned Response Learned reaction
51
John B. Watson & Little Albert Experiment
Conditioned fear in a baby using a white rat & loud noise. Ethical Issues: No informed consent, emotional harm.
52
Behaviour Therapy
Uses conditioning to treat phobias & anxiety (e.g., Exposure Therapy).
53
Operant Conditioning (B.F. Skinner)
Learning through rewards & punishments (learning through association) Experiment: Skinner Box (rats pressing levers).
54
Reinforcement
Increases behavior. Positive: Adding rewards. Negative: Removing discomfort.
55
Punishment
Decreases behavior. Positive: Adding unpleasant consequence. Negative: Removing a privilege.
56
Shaping
Rewarding small steps to teach a new behavior
57
Extinction
Behavior fades away when rewards stop
58
Limitations
Latent Learning – Learning occurs but isn’t immediately shown. Cognitive & Social Factors – Learning is also influenced by thoughts and watching others—not just rewards/punishments.
59
Observational Learning (Albert Bandura)
Learning by watching others. Experiment: Bobo Doll Study (children imitated aggressive behaviour).
60
Social Learning Theory
individuals learn by observing, imitating, and modeling the behaviors of others
61
Four Stages of Observational Learning
1. Attention 2. Retention 3. Reproduction 4. Motivation
62
Josef Breuer & Anna O.
Breuer treated Anna O., a patient with hysteria. Inspired Freud’s psychoanalytic theory.
63
Psychometrics
The study of measuring personality traits, intelligence, and abilities.
64
Cognitive Theory
Thoughts influence behavior.
65
Self-Regulation
The ability to control one’s own emotions and behavior without external reinforcement.
66
Bystander Effect in the Digital Age
Social media can increase or decrease intervention. Online diffusion of responsibility (e.g., viral tragedies, cyberbullying).
67
Cognitive Dissonance
Mental discomfort from "saying one thing but doing another." Can lead people to justify extreme behaviors in cults.
68
Normative Conformity
Fitting in to be liked.
69
Informational Conformity
Assuming the group is correct
70
Identification
Copying someone you look up to.
71
Psychodynamic Theory
Past experiences shape behavior; hidden desires influence actions.
72
Behavioral Theory
Behaviours are shaped by rewards, punishments, and imitation.
73
Humanistic Theory
People try to be their best and find purpose in life
74
Congruence
When a person’s real self aligns with their ideal self
75
Incongruence
Acting as others expect instead of being true to oneself.
76
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Basic needs → Safety → Love → Esteem → Self-Actualization
77
Personal Unconscious
Your own forgotten memories.
78
Collective Unconscious
Shared universal memories across all humans

Gr. 11 Intro to SAP (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions