Unit 2 - The Internet Flashcards
(26 cards)
protocol
an agreed upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system
IP address
the unique number assigned to each device on the internet
internet protocol (IP)
- a protocol for sending data across the internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device
what is a benefit of IPv6 over IPv4
IPv6 allows for a greater number of addresses than IPv4, which allows more devices to be connected to the Internet
when a computer sends a message to another computer, what must it specify and include
it must specify the recipient’s IP address and also include its own IP address so that the second computer can reply
IPv4
- Each IP address is split into 4 numbers separated by decimals that each can range from 0 to 255.
- Overall, that’s 2^32 possible values: 4,294,967,296 possible IPv4 addresses.
IPv6
- This was proposed to accommodate more devices.
- There are 8 hexadecimal numbers, each 4 digits long, which means there are 2128 possible IPv6 addresses.
Computing Device
a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors
computing system
a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose
computing network
a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data
path
the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver
bandwidth
the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second
router
a type of computer that forwards data across a network
redundancy
The inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail
fault tolerant
Can continue to function even in the event of individual component failures
datastream
Information passed through the internet in packets
packet
A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all
packet metadata
data added to packets to help route them through the network and reassemble the original message
transmission control protocol (tcp)
a protocol for sending packets that does error-checking to ensure all packets are received and properly ordered
user datagram protocol (UDP)
a protocol for sending packets quickly with minimal error-checking and no resending of dropped packets
scalability
the capacity for the system to change in size and scale to meet new demands
the domain name system (DNS)
the system responsible for translating domain names like example.com into IP addresses
world wide web
a system of linked pages, programs, and files
hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
a protocol for computers to request and share the pages that make up the world wide web on the Internet
