Unit 2 Vocab

Question 1

chain migration

Answer 1

Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.

Question 2

demographic transition (DTM)

Answer 2

a tool demographers use to categorize countries’ population growth rates and economic structures.

Question 3

stage 1 DTM (low growth)

Answer 3

• very high CBR
• very high CDR
• very low NIR
• no country remains in stage 1

Question 4

stage 2 DTM (high growth)

Answer 4

• still high CBR
• rapidly declining CDR
• very high NIR
• result of the industrial revolution
• did not extend to Asia, Africa, and Latin America until the medical revolution

Question 5

stage 3 DTM (moderate growth)

Answer 5

• rapidly declining CBR
• moderately declining CDR
• Moderate NIR
• move from 2-3 when CBR begins to drop sharply

Question 6

stage 4 DTM (low growth)

Answer 6

• very low CBR
• low or slightly increasing CDR
• 0 or negative NIR
• reach stage 4 when CBR declines to the point where it equals CDR and the NIR approaches 0

Question 7

stage 5 DTM (decreasing population)

Answer 7

• very low CBR
• increasing CDR
• declining NIR
• if we were to include a stage 5 country Italy would be a good example

Question 8

push factor

Answer 8

A “push-factor” is something that encourages an individual to leave, or emigrate from, a certain place. (war, discrimination, bad economy)

Question 9

pull factor

Answer 9

Pull factors are positive factors that attract people to new areas from other areas. (job opportunities, environmental factors, political views)

Question 10

arithmetic density

Answer 10

the total number of people divided by the total land area. (helps you to find the density of a region)

Question 11

crude birth rate (CBR)

Answer 11

the number of live births per every 1000 woman

Question 12

ecumene

Answer 12

land that is permanently populated by human society.

Question 13

infant mortality rate (IMR)

Answer 13

IMR indicates the number of infant (children less than a year in age) that died in relation to the total number of live births.

Question 14

intervening opportunity

Answer 14

the potential alternatives that arise during the migration process, which can influence a person’s decision to settle in a location other than their intended destination.

Question 15

population density

Answer 15

Population density refers to the number of people who live in a defined land area (usually square miles or square kilometers). So, if two million people live in ten square miles, the population density is two hundred thousand people per square mile.

Question 16

population pyramids (stage 1-4)

Answer 16

stage 1 - curved in triangle shape
stage 2 - triangle shape
stage 3 - half oval
stage 4 - half dome but bottom curves inward slightly

Question 17

total fertility rate (TFR)

Answer 17

the average number of children born to each woman in a given region during the course of her lifetime.

Question 18

caste system

Answer 18

A caste system is a class structure that is determined by birth. Loosely, it means that in some societies, the opportunities you have access to depend on the family you happened to be born into.

Question 19

crude death rate (CDR)

Answer 19

the ratio of the number of deaths yearly per 1,000 people in a given population.

Question 20

dependency ratio

Answer 20

the percentage of people within a population who are either too young or too old to work and must therefore be supported by the labor of working adults within that population.

Question 21

doubling time

Answer 21

the amount of time it takes for a population to double

Question 22

internal migration

Answer 22

a permanent move within the same country
- interregional migration (between two different regions)
- intraregional migration (within the same region)

Question 23

rate of natural increase (NIR)

Answer 23

the percentage by which a population grows in a year

Question 24

periphery

Answer 24

the periphery countries (sometimes referred to as just the periphery) are those that are less developed than the semi-periphery and core countries.

Question 25

refugees

Answer 25

Refugees are people who must leave their home area for their own safety or survival. A refugee's home area could be a country, state, or region. People become refugees for many reasons, including war, oppression, natural disasters, and climate change.

Question 26

core

Answer 26

Core regions are areas in a country or the world that are characterized by high levels of economic development, wealth, and political power.

Question 27

demographic equation

Answer 27

Demographic accounting equation: An equation that summarizes the amount of growth or decline in a population within a country during a particular time period, taking into account both natural increase and net migration.

Question 28

demography

Answer 28

Demography is the statistical study of human populations.

Question 29

ethnic cleansing

Answer 29

a process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful group from their territory

Question 30

forced migration

Answer 30

the involuntary movement of individuals or groups away from their home or country due to factors such as conflict, persecution, natural disasters, or economic hardship.

Question 31

guest workers

Answer 31

Guest workers are voluntary migrants who temporarily migrate to another country seeking job opportunities.

Question 32

human development index (HDI)

Answer 32

measures the status of life in any given place based off of life expectancy, education levels, and income per capita

Question 33

life expectancy

Answer 33

the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant.

Question 34

squatter settlement

Answer 34

a collection of buildings aimed to provide housing and shelter for poor people in a city. The people who live in squatter settlements do not have legal rights to the land upon which they are built; therefore, they are living there illegally.

Question 35

voluntary migration

Answer 35

Voluntary migration is migration that is undertaken willingly by the group or individual involved.

Question 36

assimilation

Answer 36

the process through which people lose originally differentiating traits, such as dress, speech particularities or mannerisms, when they come into contact with another society or culture

Question 37

cohort

Answer 37

A population group unified by a specific common characteristic, such as age, and subsequently treated as a statistical unit.

Question 38

ravensteins laws of migration (11)

Answer 38

1 - most migrants go only short distances 2 - migration goes by steps 3 - long distance migrants prefer to go to big cities 4 - migration flows produce counter flows 5 - people from urban areas migrate less than those from rural 6 - females migrate more inside counties, males migrate more internationally 7 - migrants are mostly adults, not families 8 - urban areas grow mostly from in-migration not natural increase 9 - migration increases as transport improves and economic opportunity increase 10 - migration is mostly from rural areas to urban ones 11 - people migrate for economic reasons

Question 39

Epidemiological Transition stages 1-5

Answer 39

stage 1 - pandemic and epidemics stage 2 - decrease in pandemics stage 3 - degenrative diseases ( cancer and heart disease satge 4 - delayed degenerative diseases stage 5 - evolution, increased connections, poverty

Question 39

intervening obstacles

Answer 39

Intervening obstacles are barriers that hinder or prevent migration from one place to another, affecting the decision-making process for potential migrants. These obstacles can be physical, such as mountains or rivers, or social and political, like laws and regulations that restrict movement.

Question 40

Thomas malthus

Answer 40

best known for his theory that population growth will always tend to outrun the food supply and that betterment of humankind is impossible without strict limits on reproduction

Question 41

neo-malthusian

Answer 41

“Neo-Malthusians” believe that the population of the world is growing too quickly for the scale of agricultural production to keep up.

Question 42

NoNo periodic movement

Question 43

population distribution

Answer 43

population distribution is the pattern of where the people live.

Question 44

physiological density

Answer 44

Physiological density is the number of persons per unit of agricultural land. This measure of density is useful, because it can give us a rough estimate of how many people an area of farmland can reasonably support.

Question 45

agricultural density

Answer 45

Agricultural density measures the number of farmers per unit area of farmland.

Question 46

carrying capacity

Answer 46

The “carrying capacity” of an area refers to the maximum number of people who can be realistically sustained by the geography of that area. This number can be affected by access to food, water, shelter, and other significant factors.

Question 47

infrastructure

Answer 47

The basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society, including transportation systems, water supply, and communication networks.

Question 48

population composition

Answer 48

Population composition refers to the characteristics of a population. This can be age, gender, race, and occupation. Population composition is important when determining the needs of a population.

Question 49

pronatalist policies

Answer 49

Pro-natalist policies are policies which are designed with the purpose of increasing the birth rate/fertility rate of an area. They are found in countries with either very slow natural increase or natural decrease and in areas with ageing populations.

Question 50

nationalist policies

Question 51

total fertility rate

Answer 51

The total fertility rate is the average number of children born to each woman in a given region during the course of her lifetime. Anything higher than four is a very high total fertility rate and anything lower than two is a very low total fertility rate.

Question 52

aging population

Answer 52

An aging population refers to a demographic trend where the proportion of older individuals within a population increases, often due to declining birth rates and higher life expectancy.