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APUSH > UNIT 2 Vocab > Flashcards

UNIT 2 Vocab Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore

A

The founder of Maryland, who sought to create a refuge for Catholics while promoting religious tolerance.

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2
Q

Act of Toleration

A

A 1649 Maryland law granting religious freedom to all Christians fostering an environment of tolerance in the colonies.

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3
Q

Roger Williams

A

A Puritan minister who founded Providence Rhode Island

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4
Q

Providence

A

The settlement established by Roger Williams in 1636 known for its commitment to religious freedom and diverse beliefs.

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5
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A

A religious dissenter in Massachusetts who challenged Puritan orthodoxy advocating for individual interpretation of the Bible.

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6
Q

Antinomianism

A

The belief that faith alone is necessary for salvation associated with Anne Hutchinson’s teachings.

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7
Q

Rhode Island

A

A colony founded by dissenters from Massachusetts known for its liberal policies and religious tolerance.

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8
Q

Halfway Covenant

A

A Puritan church policy allowing partial membership for the children of church members to increase church attendance.

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9
Q

Quakers

A

A religious group known for their pacifism and belief in equality actively promoting social justice and religious freedom.

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10
Q

William Penn

A

The founder of Pennsylvania who established a colony based on Quaker principles and religious freedom.

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11
Q

Holy Experiment

A

William Penn’s vision of Pennsylvania as a place of religious freedom and coexistence among various faiths.

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12
Q

Charter of Liberties (1701

A

A document that established a representative assembly and guaranteed certain rights in Pennsylvania.

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13
Q

Rice Plantations

A

Large agricultural estates in the Southern colonies particularly in Carolina

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14
Q

Tobacco Farms

A

Agricultural operations in Virginia and Maryland that became the backbone of the economy heavily dependent on indentured servants and enslaved Africans.

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15
Q

John Cabot

A

An Italian explorer credited with the first European exploration of North America since the Vikings claiming land for England.

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16
Q

Jamestown

A

The first permanent English settlement in America established in 1607 in Virginia

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17
Q

Captain John Smith

A

An English explorer and leader of Jamestown who emphasized discipline and work crucial for the colony’s survival.

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18
Q

John Rolfe

A

An early settler of Jamestown known for introducing tobacco cultivation which became the colony’s cash crop.

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19
Q

Pocahontas

A

A Native American woman who played a significant role in early interactions between Native Americans and English settlers in Jamestown.

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20
Q

Puritans

A

A religious group seeking to purify the Church of England known for their strict religious practices and founding the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

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21
Q

Separatists

A

A faction of Puritans wanting to separate from the Church of England leading to the establishment of Plymouth Colony.

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22
Q

Pilgrims

A

Separatists who sailed on the Mayflower in 1620 and founded Plymouth Colony seeking religious freedom.

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23
Q

Mayflower

A

The ship that carried the Pilgrims to America in 1620 leading to the establishment of Plymouth Colony.

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24
Q

Plymouth Colony

A

The first permanent settlement in New England founded by the Pilgrims in 1620

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25
John Winthrop
The Puritan leader and first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony known for his vision of a “city upon a hill.”
26
Great Migration
The period during the 1630s when thousands of Puritans moved to New England seeking religious freedom and better opportunities.
27
Virginia
The first colony established in America known for its tobacco plantations and significant role in early American history.
28
Thomas Hooker
A Puritan minister who founded Connecticut and promoted government based on the consent of the governed.
29
John Davenport
A Puritan minister who co-founded the New Haven Colony promoting strict religious observance.
30
Connecticut
A colony founded by dissenters from Massachusetts known for its Fundamental Orders
31
New Hampshire
A colony founded for economic opportunities known for its fishing and trade.
32
The Carolinas
Colonies established as proprietary grants known for their agricultural exports and reliance on enslaved labor.
33
New York
Originally a Dutch colony (New Netherland) it became an English colony known for its diversity and economic significance.
34
New Jersey
A colony known for its religious tolerance and diverse population established from parts of New York.
35
Pennsylvania
Founded by William Penn this colony was known for its religious freedom and fair treatment of Native Americans.
36
Delaware
Originally part of Pennsylvania it became a separate colony known for its trade and agriculture.
37
Georgia
Founded as a buffer colony against Spanish Florida and a place for debtors it was the last of the original 13 colonies.
38
James Oglethorpe
The founder of Georgia who envisioned it as a social experiment for debtors and a military buffer.
39
Wampanoags
Native American tribe in New England known for their interactions with the Pilgrims and their role in King Philip’s War.
40
Metacom
Leader of the Wampanoags also known as King Philip
41
King Philip’s War
A conflict between Native American tribes and English settlers in New England (1675-1676) that resulted in significant casualties on both sides.
42
Mayflower Compact
An agreement signed by the Pilgrims establishing a self-governing colony based on majority rule.
43
Virginia House of Burgesses
The first representative assembly in the American colonies established in Virginia in 1619.
44
Sir William Berkeley
The governor of Virginia whose policies favored large planters and led to discontent among smaller farmers.
45
Bacon’s Rebellion
A 1676 uprising of Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the colonial government highlighting class tensions.
46
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
The first written constitution in America establishing a framework for government in the Connecticut colony.
47
New England Confederation
A military alliance of the New England colonies formed in 1643 to defend against Native American attacks and other threats.
48
Frame of Government
A document outlining the government structure of Pennsylvania emphasizing democratic principles and religious freedom.
49
Corporate Colonies
Colonies operated by joint-stock companies for profit such as Jamestown.
50
Royal Colonies
Colonies directly controlled by the monarchy with governors appointed by the king.
51
Proprietary Colonies
Colonies owned by individuals or groups who had received charters from the king allowing them to govern as they wished.
52
Chesapeake Colonies
Refers to the colonies of Maryland and Virginia known for tobacco cultivation and reliance on indentured servants and enslaved labor.
53
Joint-Stock Company
A business organization that allowed multiple investors to pool resources for colonization efforts sharing both risks and profits.
54
Virginia Company
A joint-stock company that established the Jamestown settlement in 1607 aiming for profit through colonization.
55
Mercantilism
An economic theory promoting government regulation of a nation’s economy for augmenting state power particularly through colonial trade.
56
Navigation Acts Laws
passed by the English Parliament to control colonial trade and ensure that profits benefited England.
57
Dominion of New England
An administrative union of English colonies in the Northeast created to consolidate control and enforce the Navigation Acts.
58
Sir Edmund Andros
The governor of the Dominion of New England known for his unpopular rule and enforcement of British policies.
59
Glorious Revolution
The 1688 overthrow of King James II resulting in the establishment of constitutional monarchy in England and impacting colonial governance.
60
Indentured Servants
Individuals who worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage to America typically enduring harsh conditions.
61
Headright System
A land grant policy that encouraged settlement by granting land to individuals who paid for their passage or the passage of others.
62
Slavery
The institution of forced labor that became a key part of the economy in the Southern colonies particularly on plantations.
63
Triangular Trade
A system of transatlantic trade where goods and enslaved people were exchanged between Europe Africa
64
Middle Passage
The brutal sea journey undertaken by enslaved Africans from West Africa to the Americas characterized by inhumane conditions.

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