Unit 2 Vocab

Question 1

Age Distribution

Answer 1

the pattern of ages within a population, often visualized as a population pyramid

Question 2

Age structure diagrams

Answer 2

a graphical representation of the distribution of a population by age and sex

Question 3

Agricultural density

Answer 3

the number of farmers per unit area of arable land

Question 4

AIDS

Answer 4

the advanced stage of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection, where the immune system is severely weakened, making the body vulnerable to various illnesses

Question 5

Arithmetic density

Answer 5

a measure of population density calculated by dividing the total population of a place by its total land area

Question 6

Baby boom

Answer 6

a significant surge in birth rates, specifically in the United States, between 1946 and 1964

Question 7

Carrying capacity

Answer 7

the maximum number of people an area can sustainably support, given its resources and environmental conditions.

Question 8

Census

Answer 8

a systematic collection and recording of data about all members of a population.

Question 9

Child mortality rate

Answer 9

the number of deaths per 1,000 children within the first five years of their lives

Question 10

Cohort

Answer 10

a group of people who share a common characteristic or experience, typically age, and are studied together as a unit

Question 11

Contraception

Answer 11

methods used to prevent pregnancy. This includes devices, medications, procedures, or behaviors that prevent or reduce the likelihood of conception. Contraception plays a role in family planning and demographic trends.

Question 12

Crude birth rate (CBR)

Answer 12

the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people in a population

Question 13

Crude death rate (CDR)

Answer 13

a measure of mortality, specifically the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a given year

Question 14

Demographic Transition Model

Answer 14

a theory that explains population growth patterns as a society progresses through economic, social, and technological changes

Question 15

Demography

Answer 15

the scientific study of population characteristics, focusing on the size, structure, and distribution of human populations

Question 16

Dependency ratio

Answer 16

a demographic measure that indicates the number of people in a population who are either too young or too old to work (considered dependents), relative to the number of people in the working age group

Question 17

Doubling time

Answer 17

the time it takes for a population to double in size, assuming a constant rate of natural increase

Question 18

Ecumeme

Answer 18

the portion of Earth’s land that is permanently inhabited by humans

Question 19

Endemic

Answer 19

a disease that is constantly present and maintained within a specific population or area at a baseline level

Question 20

Epidemiological Transition Model

Answer 20

describes the shifting patterns of mortality and disease in a population as it develops

Question 21

Food security

Answer 21

the state where all people, at all times, have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and preferences for an active and healthy life

Question 22

Infant mortality rate (IMR)

Answer 22

the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given population

Question 23

Life expectancy

Answer 23

the average number of years a person is expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions

Question 24

Malnutrition

Answer 24

inadequate nutrition, encompassing both insufficient and excessive intake of nutrients, leading to health problems

Question 25

Maternal Morality Rate

Answer 25

the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births during a given period

Question 26

Natalism

Answer 26

a pro-natalist policy, which is a government policy designed to encourage higher birth rates

Question 27

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

Answer 27

the difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a population, excluding migration

Question 28

Neomalthusians

Answer 28

individuals who believe in the core tenets of Thomas Malthus's theory of population growth, but adapt his ideas to contemporary concerns

Question 29

Nonecumene

Answer 29

the uninhabited or sparsely populated regions of the world, areas unsuitable for permanent human settlement due to harsh environmental conditions like extreme temperatures, lack of water, or high elevations

Question 30

One Child Policy

Answer 30

The One-Child Policy, implemented in China from 1979 to 2015, was a population control measure designed to limit most families to one child

Question 31

Overpopulation

Answer 31

a situation where the number of people in a particular area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support a decent standard of living

Question 32

Pandemic

Answer 32

a disease epidemic that has spread to a large group of people across a sprawling region, or across multiple nations or continents

Question 33

Physiological density

Answer 33

the number of people per unit of arable land, which is land suitable for growing crops

Question 34

Population pyramid

Answer 34

a graphical representation that illustrates the age and sex composition of a population

Question 35

Replacement level fertility

Answer 35

the total fertility rate (TFR) needed for a population to maintain its size, assuming no migration and constant mortality rates

Question 36

Sex ratio

Answer 36

the number of males per 100 females in a population

Question 37

Thomas Malthus

Answer 37

population growth is exponentially higher than food production, leading to a crisis where population outstrips resources

Question 38

Total fertility rate (TFR)

Answer 38

the average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime, given the current age-specific fertility rates

Question 39

Zero population growth (ZPG)

Answer 39

occurs when the number of births plus net immigration equals the number of deaths plus emigration, resulting in a stable population size