Unit 2.1

Question 1

in a physical sense, what term is “system” synonymous with?

Answer 1

product

Question 2

since system is synonymous with the term “product” in a physical sense, what can we say about the project?

Answer 2

project is delivering a system or is delivering a product

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE.

Systems are much more than just the aggregation of hardware or software products, as they also include:

the organization, personnel, collective training systems, facilities, data support, and operating procedures, and organization policies.

Answer 3

true

Question 4

what does the system delivers aside from a product?

Answer 4

an operational capability

Question 5

what is created through the proper and effective interaction of people, process, and technology?

Answer 5

capability system

Question 6

a system’s composition of elements can be into 2 types of hierarchy

Answer 6

logical (functional) and physical

Question 7

a system’s mission is broken down into a hierarchical structure of its major function

Answer 7

logical (functional) hierarchy

Question 8

a simple 4-layer (common) such as system > subsystem > assemblies > components, representation of a system

Answer 8

physical hierarchy

Question 9

this pertains to the number of phases and activities each of which builds results from preceding phase

Answer 9

system engineering life cycle

Question 10

what are the 4 parts of the system engineering life cycle

Answer 10

pre-acquisition phase
acquisition phase
utilization phase
retirement phase

Question 11

this phase is where an idea for a system is being generated as a result of business planning. hence, business needs are confirmed

Answer 11

pre-acquisition phase

Question 12

this phase is focused on bringing the system into being wherein the system is defined in term of business, stakeholders, and system requirements

Answer 12

acquisition phase

Question 13

this phase is the operation part where modifications and upgrades are happening

Answer 13

utilization phase

Question 14

this phase could be a mark of another life cycle for the replacement system if and only if the system is:
- the business has no further need for the system
- no longer meet the functions required by the organization
- no longer cost-effective to keep in service

Answer 14

retirement phase

Question 15

what are the 4 parts under the acquisition phase?

Answer 15

conceptual design
preliminary design
detailed design and development
construction and/or production

Question 16

what is the formal transition form the business world to the project world where it establish a proper definition of the business requirement?

Answer 16

conceptual design

Question 17

what are the key elements to establish a Functional Baseline (FBL) in the Conceptual Design?

Answer 17

BNR = Business Needs and Reqs
SNR = Stakeholder Needs and Reqs
SyRS = System Requirements and Specifications

Question 18

this is where the Conceptual ends where it confirms the BNR, SNR, and SyRS and provide a formal record of design decisions and design acceptance

Answer 18

System Design Review (SDR)

Question 19

what converts the logical architecture of initial FBL to a description of a physical subsystems that will meet the system requirements?

Answer 19

Preliminary design

Question 20

what is the result of the preliminary design?

Answer 20

Allocated Baseline (ABL)

Question 21

in the ABL, what is the sublevel physical groupings of the functions in the FBL which are grouped logically?

Answer 21

Configuration Items (CI)

Question 22

in what review does the preliminary design ends?

Answer 22

Preliminary Design Review (PDR)

Question 23

this uses engineering disciplines to develop the individual subsystems, assemblies, and components in the system

Answer 23

Detailed Design and Development

Question 24

Detailed Design and Development results in?

Answer 24

Product baseline (PBL)

Question 25

what is the review at the end of the Detailed Design and Development activity?

Answer 25

Critical Design Review (CDR)

Question 26

what is the final design review which results in the official acceptance of the design and the subsequent commencement of the construction/production. PBL CDR?

Answer 26

Critical Design Review (CDR)

Question 27

this activity is where components are produced in accordance with the PBL specifications, and the system is ultimately constructed

Answer 27

Construction and/or Production

Question 28

Construction and/or Production. activity ends with

Answer 28

Formal Qualification Review (FQR)

Question 29

what parties involved defines the system's requirements, expectations, and constraints based on their needs.

Answer 29

customer or end-user

Question 30

what parties involved provides input during the requirement gathering phase, participates in reviews, and gives feedback during testing and validation phases

Answer 30

customer or end-user

Question 31

what parties involved oversees the entire project, ensuring that timelines, budgets, and resources are managed effectively

Answer 31

project manager

Question 32

what parties involved coordinates between all parties, manages risks, and ensures the project meets its objectives.

Answer 32

project manager

Question 33

what parties involved lead the design, integration, and management of complex systems throughout their life cycle

Answer 33

systems engineers

Question 34

what parties involved engage in requirements analysis, system design, integration, verification, validation, and deployment

Answer 34

systems engineers

Question 35

what parties involved ensures the system meets the defined requirements and is free of defects. where they conduct testing at various stages, including unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing

Answer 35

test and quality assurance team

Question 35

what parties involved design and build the system components and work on detailed design, coding, prototyping, and creating technical documentation.

Answer 35

Design and Development Team

Question 36

what parties involved integrates various subsystems and components into the final system and ensures compatibility between subsystems and performs integration testing.

Answer 36

integration team

Question 37

what parties involved manages the system once it is deployed, including monitoring, maintenance, and updates and engages in deployment, provides support, and ensures system availability and performance

Answer 37

operations and maintenance team

Question 38

what parties involved provide hardware, software, or other system components by supplying necessary materials or tools and may also provide technical support and warranties.

Answer 38

suppliers and vendors

Question 38

what parties involved ensure that the system complies with relevant laws, regulations, and standards. they review and approve system designs, and conduct audits or inspections.

Answer 38

regulatory bodies

Question 38

A linear and sequential approach where each phase (e.g., requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment) is completed before the next one begins

Answer 38

waterfall model

Question 39

what parties involved may provide input during requirements gathering and feedback during testing and validation

Answer 39

stakeholders

Question 40

what parties involved manages the decommissioning of the system and are responsible for data migration, archiving, and disposal of system components in compliance with regulation

Answer 40

end-of-life team

Question 40

what parties involved include individuals or organizations affected by the system but not directly involved in its development

Answer 40

stakeholders

Question 41

an extension of the Waterfall model) where development stages are paired with corresponding testing stages. The left side of the "V" represents decomposition of requirements, and the right side represents integration and validation.

Answer 41

v model

Question 42

is often used in industries where safety, reliability, and regulatory compliance are paramount.

Answer 42

v model

Question 43

well-suited for projects where requirements are expected to evolve over time, and where feedback and refinement are critical to achieving the desired outcomes

Answer 43

iterative model

Question 44

It emphasizes developing the system in small, manageable portions (iterations), allowing for continuous improvement and adaptation based on stakeholder feedback

Answer 44

iterative model

Question 45

- emphasizes iterative development, - strong focus on risk management and flexibility. - well-suited for projects that are complex, high-risk, and where requirements are expected to evolve or be refined over time

Answer 45

spiral model

Question 46

The process is divided into four phases: planning, risk analysis, engineering, and evaluation, which are repeated in ______

Answer 46

spirals