Unit 2.2: Psychoanalytic approaches - Contemporary issues Flashcards
When was classical psychoanalysis proposed?
early 1900s
Which ideas still persist in modified form?
broad role of unconscious
behaviour often reflects conflict (emotions, thoughts, etc.)
Important role of childhood in development of adult relationships
Mental representations of self and relationships guide interactions
Personality development: controlling aggressive and sexual impulses, relating to others in mature way
According to loftus, what are possible factors causing the creation of false memories?
Self help books
Therapist behaviour: confirmation bias, suggestive interviews, misinterpretations, etc.
In how far is the role of the unconscious looked at differently nowadays?
unconscious can influence behaviour but not everybody thinks it has its own autonomous motivation
Which approaches to the unconscious are there now?
Unconscious cognition: inf. can enter memories without us consciously being aware of information
Unconscious motivation: influence on behaviour
What did Erikson propose in relation to the ego?
ego is aimed at establishing its own identity
Identity crisis: desperation and confusion as result of not strongly developed sense of identity
-> identity as important acheivement in development of personality
How was Eriksons model of developmental stages different to freuds?
Included 8 stages
until old age
to solve identity crisis or psychosocial conflicts
Stage 1: infancy
1st year
central conflict: Trust vs Mistrust
Trust:
- development of sense of security
- trust in caregivers return after them leaving (without distress)
- caregivers: caring and affectionate
=> basis for believing world is predictable, optimistic view
Mistrust:
- irregular sleep, separation anxiety
- caregivers: changing treatment, emotionally unavailable, rejection
Stage 2: Toddler
2-3
Central conflict: Autonomy vs Shame & doubt
Autonomy:
- bladder and bowel control
- interacting with others efficiently
Shame & doubt:
- efforts to interact with others lead to failure, criticism, ridicule
- fails to meet parents expectations
- parents dont let children act on their own
Which stage is decisive for Love, cooperation, willfulness, freedom and self-expression?
Stage 2: Toddler
Stage 3: Pre-schooler
3-5
Central conflict: initiative vs guilt
Initiative:
- develop curiosity
- explore and manipulate world
- ask about things
=> courage without fear of punishment
Guilt:
- initiative punished -> disapproval
- asking questions as boring for adults
Stage 4: Grade-schooler
6-11
Central conflict: industry vs inferiority
Industry:
- prefer activities based on reality
- better grades
- agreement and conformity with socially desirable statements
=> feeling that they mastered a task in way that is acceptable to others
Inferioriy:
- prefer activities based on fantasy
- feeling of insufficient capacity to carry out tasks
- morally wrong performance
Stage 5: Teenager
12-20
Central conflict: Identity vs Role confusion
Identity:
- reflect integrated sense of self
- consolidates and integrates self-perceptions
- Identity built with others
=> capacity of truthfulness and fidelity
Role confusion:
- no role correspondent to identity
- inability to select career, etc.
- extends beyond adolescence
Stage 6: Young adult
mid 20s
Central conflict: Intimacy vs Isolation
Intimacy:
- commit to relationships without losing identity
- moral strength to commit
- intimacy only possible with strong sense of identity
=> capacity to develop: love
Isolation:
- unable to commit
- Social isolation or non-integration, emotional isolation
- withdrawal
Stage 7: Middle-age adult
until 60
central conflict: Generativity vs Stagnation
Generativity:
- create things transcending us
- create and guide growth of next generation
- vision of “me” as role model
=> capacity for care
Stagnation:
- worry only about own affairs
- self-centeredness
- personally impoverished
