Unit 2.5

Question 1

evolutionary psychology

module 15

Question 2

natural selection

Question 3

mutation

Question 4

How are Belyaev and Trut’s fox-breeding experiments similar to and different from the way natural selection normally occurs?

Question 5

According to evolutionary psychology, how can male-female differences in sexuality and mating preferences be explained?

Answer 5

“men pair widely, women pair wisely”

Question 6

What are the 3 main criticisms of evolutionary psychology?

Answer 6

1) hindsight explanation
2) excuses bad behavior on account of “sexual programming”
3)

Question 7

social script

Question 8

biopsychosocial theory

Question 9

states of consciousness

module 22

Answer 9

conscious
nonconscious
preconscious
subconscious
unconscious

Question 10

conscious

Answer 10

info about yourself and your surroundings/environment that you’re currently aware of

Question 11

nonconscious

Answer 11

info abt autonomic bodily processes that we’re not usually aware of
(heartbeat, breathing, digesting)

Question 12

preconscious

Answer 12

info about yourself + enviro that you’re not CURRENTLY aware of but could be if prompted

Question 13

unconscious

Answer 13

associated with Freud’s psychoanalytic theory
info not desired to be known - repressed from conscious mind, so exists in unconscious

Question 14

subconscious

Answer 14

info not consciously aware of but we know must exist because of behavior
associated with mere exposure effect and priming

Question 15

mere exposure effect

Question 16

priming

Question 17

beta waves

module 23

Answer 17

waves of someone who is wide awake

Question 18

Our biological sleep rhythms are tied to a 24-hour day because…

module 23

Answer 18

of our circadian rhythms being tied to light (day) and no light (night) cycles

Question 19

Stages of Sleep

Answer 19

Pass through 4-6 times during normal night’s sleep
NREM-1, NREM-2, N-REM3, REM
then cycle starts over

Question 20

NREM-1

Answer 20

brief (~20 min) period characterized by slowed breathing and alpha waves
hallucinations and hypnagogic sensations (bizzare feelings like falling or floating) experienced
lengthens as night goes on

Question 21

NREM-2

Answer 21

more deeply relaxed nd clearly asleep
periodic sleep spindles (rapid rhythmic brain wave activity)
lengthens as night goes on

Question 22

NREM-3

Answer 22

deep sleep
delta waves
shortens as night goes on

Question 23

REM

Answer 23

external calm (near paralysis) but internal arousal
where most vivid dreaming occurs
lengthens as night goes on

Question 24

REM rebound

Answer 24

the tendency for REM sleep to increase folowing REM sleep deprivation (repeated awakenings during REM sleep)

Question 25

EEG

Answer 25

electroencephalogram that's used for sleep studies

Question 26

insomnia ## Footnote module 24

Question 27

narcolepsy

Question 28

sleep apnea

Question 29

night terrors

Question 30

somnambulism

Question 31

dream

Question 32

alpha waves

Question 33

delta waves

Question 34

circadian rhythm

Question 35

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 36

insomnia ## Footnote module 24

Question 37

narcolepsy

Question 38

sleep apnea

Question 39

night terrors

Answer 39

sleep disorder that causes the sleeper to wake from NREM-3 sleep suddenly with feelings of extreme fear, agitation, or dread increased heartbeat+breathing

Question 40

somnambulism

Question 41

dream

Answer 41

a state of consciousness characterized by sensory, cognitive and emotional occurrences during sleep

Question 42

manifest vs latent content

Question 43

Freud's wish-fulfillment dream theory

Question 44

activation-synthesis dream theory

Question 45

information processing dream theory

Question 46

physiological function dream theory

Question 47

cognitive development dream theory

Question 48

tolerance ## Footnote module 25

Answer 48

neuroadaptation to drug's effect (as a result of continuous use) means **tolerance** developed requires larger and larger doses to get the same effect as before - leads to higher risk of substance use disorder

Question 49

psychoactive drug

Answer 49

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods

Question 50

withdrawal

Answer 50

discomfort and distress associated with stopping an addictive drug

Question 51

physical dependence

Answer 51

neurological tolerance, withdrawal symptoms alleviated by use of a substance

Question 52

psychological dependence

Answer 52

feel intense desire for addictive substance - think they need it for survival

Question 53

addiction

Answer 53

compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.

Question 54

What are the stimulants selected for testing by AP Psych?

Answer 54

Caffeine, methamphetamine, cocaine, nicotine, ecstasy

Question 55

What are the depressants selected for testing by AP Psych?

Answer 55

alcohol, heroin, barbiturates, opiates

Question 56

What are the hallucinogens selected for testing by AP Psych?

Answer 56

marijuana, ecstasy, LSD

Question 57

stimulants

Answer 57

arouse the autonomic nervous system **caffeine**: alert+awake BUT restlessness+insomnia, uncomfortable withdrawal **cocaine**: euphoria+confidence+energy BUT cardiovascular stress, depressive crash **amphetamines**: euphoria+alert+energy BUT irrability+insomnia, seizures **nicotine**: relaxation+well-being BUT heart disease and lung cancer

Question 58

depressants

Answer 58

slow down autonomic nervous system and reduce neural activity **alcohol**: initial high and then relax+no inhibitions BUT depression, memory loss, organ dmg, impaired reactions **heroin** (a kind of **opiate**): euphoria+pain relief BUT depression, agonizing withdrawal **barbiturates**: reduce anxiety and induce sleep BUT deadly when combined with alcohol

Question 59

hallucinogens

Answer 59

causes sensory distortions **marijuana**: enhanced sensation, distortion of time, paradoxical decrease in tolerance with increased use BUT impaired learning and memory, lung dmg from smoke **ecstasy (MDMA)**: emotional elevation+disinhibition (also a stimulant) BUT dehydration and depression