Unit 2A: Urban Issues And Challenges

Question 1

What is urbanisation?

Answer 1

Growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas

Question 2

What percentage of the world live in urban areas ?

Answer 2

55%

Question 3

What type of country is urbanising the fastest and why?

Answer 3

LIC- less economically developed. Only around 30% of population currently live in urban areas but most LICs have high rates of urbanisation due to the fact that they have the space to urbanise further. Around 6% = rate of urbanisation

Question 4

What is rural-urban migration? List the pull and push factors

Answer 4

• Movement of people from countryside to city
  Pull - more jobs, better healthcare, education, better quality of life
  Push- natural disasters, lack of resources, fewer jobs

Question 5

Urbanisation is caused by natural increase. State what natural increase is?

Answer 5

When birth rates exceeds death rates. More people are being born than dying, the population grows.

Question 6

What is a mega city?

Answer 6

A city with over 10 million residents. 2018, 33 mega cities. Predicted to be 43 by 2030.

Question 7

Where is Lagos?

Answer 7

City in Nigeria. Nigeria is an NEE and has the highest GDP of any country in Africa. Population is around 14 million. Fastest growing cities in the world. Annual growth rate - 3.2%

Question 8

How is Lagos important?

Answer 8

Regionally- large migrant population increases cultural diversity. Well connected to other major towns, important for trade
Nationally - 80% of Nigerias industry, many global companies. Used to be capital of Nigeria until 1991
Internationally- main financial centre for the whole of west Africa. 5th largest economy on the continent. International port and airport important for trade.

Question 9

What factors affected the growth of Lagos?

Answer 9

• British colonised Lagos in 1860s, making it a centre for trade and attracting merchants
• ex-slaves returned home after slavery was abolished in the 1800s
• Lagos gained independence in 1960, rapid economic development, resources no longer controlled by Britain
• government financed lots of construction, creating many jobs
• natural increase and migration

Question 10

How has natural increase and migration affected the growth of Nigeria?

Answer 10

• birth rate = 35.2 births per 1000 people, 9.6 death rate

- 1200 immigrants enter Lagos every day. Either from neighbouring countries or rural areas.

Question 11

What are the social opportunities in Lagos?

Answer 11

Better access to services and resources than rural Nigeria:

• healthcare centres, range of medicines
• 90% of Nigerian children in urban areas attend primary school, 60% in rural areas. Lagos has 20 000 schools
• better electricity- uses 40% of the countries electricity supply
• water treatment plants provide safe water

Question 12

What are the Economic Opportunities in Lagos?

Answer 12

Income can be up to x4 higher in Lagos. Many people migrate in search for a job:

• rapid growth = lots of construction = jobs
• home to many banks, government departments and manufacturing industries, two major ports
• thriving film and music industry- ‘Nollywood’