Unit 3

Question 1

Eyelashes, eyebrows, blinking is a _ structure

Answer 1

protective

Question 2

Obicularis oculi

Answer 2

(CLOSES upper and lower lids)

Question 3

Levator palpebrae superioris

Answer 3

OPENS upper eyelid

Question 4

Glands of Krause

Answer 4

BENEATH the palpebral conjunctiva (between fornix and edge of tarsus)

Question 5

Glands of Wolfring

Answer 5

near UPPER border of superior tarsal plate and LOWER border of inferior tarsus

Question 6

Lacrimal gland is for the _ of _

Answer 6

production of tears

Question 7

Tears move by (a) ____ and (b) into __ passage

Answer 7

a. blinking
b. nasal passage

Question 8

Valve of Rosenmuller is at the (start/end) of the __ __

Answer 8

start of the lacrimal sac

Question 9

Valve of Hasner is at the (start/end) of _ duct (prevents blackflow of tears)

Answer 9

End of the NASALLACRIMAL`

Question 10

2 purposes of tears

Answer 10

1. lubricates eye
2. protects agains microbes

Question 11

Tear FILM is responsible for 4 things

Answer 11

1. comfort
2. protection
3. epithelial health (corneal and conjunctival)
4. refracts for vision

Question 12

Tear FILM has 3 layers (hint = LAM)

Answer 12

1. Lipid
2. Aqueous
3. Mucous

Question 13

Lipid layer

Answer 13

Tear film layer that helps STOP EVAPORATION

Question 14

Aqueaous Layer

Answer 14

Layer that washes away foreign bodies

Question 15

Mucous Layer

Answer 15

Reduces friction

Question 16

Iris Sphincter

Answer 16

when the circular muscle contracts
and
the radial muscle relaxes
then pupil REDUCES in size

Question 17

Iris Dilator

Answer 17

spoke-shape
when the radial muscle contracts and the circular muscles relaxes
PUPIL OPENS WIDER

Question 18

Radial muscle does what to pupil

Answer 18

Opens pupil wider

Question 19

Circular muscle does what to pupil

Answer 19

Reduces pupil

Question 20

Can the radial and circular muscles work at the same time?

Answer 20

No, they are antagonistic

Question 21

ParaSYMPATHETIC

Answer 21

rest and digest (reading: pupil constricts)

Question 22

SYMPATHETIC

Answer 22

fight and flight reflect reaction to stress (to let more light in)

Question 23

Pupils are impacted by these 4 things

Answer 23

1. light
2. accommodation
3. age
4. injury

Question 24

OculoMOTOR CN3 is a (1) _ nerve.
If it is damaged, the pupil will (2) _

Answer 24

1. vulnerable
2. dilate

Question 25

AFFERENT Pathway is the RED pathway (goes from _ to _)

Answer 25

from EYE to BRAIN (red pathway)

Question 26

EFFERENT Pathway is the BLUE Pathway (goes from _ to _)

Answer 26

from BRAIN to BOTH EYES

Question 27

MEIBOMIAM glands - if oil (meibum) is thickened, it can indicate _ disease

Answer 27

dry eye disease

Question 28

GLAUCOMA occurs when there is damage to the ___ cell layer which leads to (thinning or thickening) of the fiber layer

Answer 28

ganglion cell layer thins fiber layer

Question 29

GLAUCOMA results in loss of TISSUE within the optic nerve. See a ___ with a THINNER rim

Answer 29

DISC with a thinner rim

Question 30

GLAUCOMA results in production of _ (mucus, aqueous, or lipid?) humour

Answer 30

aqueous humor (flows FROM pupil TO anterior chamber)

Question 31

When you have GLAUCOMA, the AQUEOUS humour is drained through (1) TM (=__ __), into the (2) S___'s canal, and into (3) v_ system

Answer 31

1. trabecular meshwork 2. Schlemm's canal 3. venous system

Question 32

RODS: (1) _ goes through cells > photoreceptors > (2) c__ transformation > breaks (3)p_ down to release a (4) n___ impulse which sends signal through RETINA to GANGLION cell

Answer 32

1. light 2. chemical transformation 3. breaks down PIGMENT 4. nerve impulse 5. retina 6. ganglion cell

Question 33

L cones - visual pigment that is the color _

Answer 33

L = red

Question 34

M cones - visual pigment that is the color _

Answer 34

M = green

Question 35

S cones - visual pigment that is the color _

Answer 35

blue

Question 36

CONES have HIGHEST density in which area of the eye?

Answer 36

CENTRAL AREA (dense part of CONES)

Question 37

RODS have HIGHEST density in which area of the eye?

Answer 37

dense in the peripheral RETINA

Question 38

rhoDOPSIN is the name of the VISUAL pigment in rods or cones?

Answer 38

rods

Question 39

Is rhoDOPsin more or less senstive to light than phoTOPsins?

Answer 39

More sensitive BECAUSE rhoDOPsins pick up signals in the dark

Question 40

When multiple rods converge signals, SENSITIVITY is gained but what is lost?

Answer 40

Fine detail (or visual acuity)

Question 41

MONOchromacy

Answer 41

no colour (only rods; no cones)

Question 42

DIchromacy

Answer 42

two cones only

Question 43

PROtanopia is a colour vision defect missing the _ cone opsin.

Answer 43

Red

Question 44

DEUTERanopia is a colour vision defect missing the _ cone opsin.

Answer 44

Green

Question 45

TRItanopia is a colour vision defect missing the _ cone opsin.

Answer 45

Blue

Question 46

triCHROMacy is normal colour vision with how many cone opsins

Answer 46

3

Question 47

2 forms of monoCHROMacy are

Answer 47

Cone monoCHROMacy (only cones) Rod monoCHROMacy (only rods)