Unit 3 Flashcards
(104 cards)
What are joints
articulations, sites where bones meet
what are the functional classes of joints?
synarthroses: immovable (ex: skull sutures)
amphiarthrosis: partially movable (ex: pubic symphysis)
diarthroses: freely movable (ex: elbow)
strutural classes of joints
fibrous joints: collagenous
cartilaginous joints: bones united by cartilage, no joint cavity, not highly movable
synovial joints: only structural classification of joints with a joint cavity
describe the different types of fibrous joints
sutures: short collagen fibers connect the two bones, calcify w age
syndesmoses: long fibers (ex: between tibia/fibula and ulna/radius)
gomphoses: periodontal ligaments anchor tooth to joint
describe the different types of cartilaginous joints
synchondrosis: hyaline cartilage, generally immovable (ex: rib 1 to manubrium and epiphyseal plate)
symphysis: fibrocartilage (ex: pubic symphysis and intervertebral disc)
describe the different parts of synovial joints
1) Articular Capsule
-fibrous capsule of dense irregular connective tissue on external
-synovial membrane: secretes joint fluid, loose CT
2) Articular Cartilage: hyaline cartilage on ends of long bones for protection
-ligaments, tendons, bursae
3) Joint cavity: small fluid filled potential spaces
4) Synovial fluid: viscous lubricant
5) Reinforcing ligaments
6) nerves and blood vessels
7) Other important features: fatty pads, articular discs, menisci, burase, and tendon sheaths
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what are the types of synovial joints?
hinge: ulna to humerus, uniaxial
pivot: proximal radial-ulna joint, uniaxial
condylar: metacarpophalangeal, biaxial
ball and socket: shoulder, multiaxial
joint origin
immovable part of joint
joint insertion
movable part of joint
flexion
decreases joint angle
extension
increases joint angle
hypertension
movement beyond anatomical position
circumduction
making a cone with a limb
abduction
away from midline
adduction
toward midline
rotation
turning bone around long axis, medial and lateral, ex: first 2 cervical vertabrae, hip, and shoulder
gliding movements
short bone gliding past each other, ankles and wrist
opposition of thumbs
to tips of other fingers
pronation
radius crosses ulna, palm down
supination
forearm bones become parallel
dorsiflexion
lift foot up at ankle
plantar flexion
point foot down
elevation
lifting up superiorly, shrugging shoulders and scapula
depression
lowering body part