Unit 3

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the cell

Question 2

Metabolic Pathway

Answer 2

A sequential series of chemical fractions in living cells; each reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme

Question 3

Catabolism

Answer 3

The process of breaking down compounds into smaller molecules to release energy

Question 4

Anabolism

Answer 4

The process of using energy to build large molecules from smaller molecules

Question 5

Energy

Answer 5

The capacity to do work

Question 6

Kinetic Energy

Answer 6

The energy of motion

Question 7

Potential energy

Answer 7

Stored energy

Question 8

Bond energy

Answer 8

Energy required to break (or form) a chemical bond

Question 9

Thermodynamics

Answer 9

The science that studies the transfer and transformation of thermal energy (heat)

Question 10

Entropy

Answer 10

A measure of disorder

Question 11

Free energy

Answer 11

Energy from a chemical reaction that is available for doing work

Question 12

Energonic

Answer 12

Chemical reaction that requires energy

Question 13

Exergonic

Answer 13

Chemical reaction that releases energy

Question 14

Aerobic respiration

Answer 14

Catabolic pathways that require oxygen

Question 15

Substrate level phosporylation

Answer 15

ATP formation from transferring a phosphate group to ADP

Question 16

Glycolysis

Answer 16

Metabolic pathway that breaks glucose down to pryuvate

Question 17

Krebs cycle

Answer 17

Cyclic metabolic pathway that acquires acetyl-CoA and oxidizes it to carbon dioxide while regenerating the compound that picks up more acetyl-CoA; converts released energy to ATP, NADH and FADH2

Question 18

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 18

A process that couples the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 by the electron transport chain with the synthesis of ATP by phosphorylation of ADP

Question 19

Electron transport chain

Answer 19

A series of electron carrier and protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that accept and donate electrons in a sequential series, resulting in oxidative phosphorylation

Question 20

Chemiosmosis

Answer 20

A process that energy in a hydrogen ion gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane to drive the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP

Question 21

Light Dependent Reaction

Answer 21

In photosynthesis, the reaction that traps solar energy and uses it to generate ATP and NADPH

Question 22

Light independent reaction

Answer 22

In photosynthesis, the reaction that assimilates carbon dioxide to produce an organic molecule that can be used to produce biological important molecules such as carbohydrates.

Question 23

Thylakoid

Answer 23

One of many interconnected sac-like membranous disks within the chloroplast, containing the molecules that absorb energy from the sun.

Question 24

Pigment

Answer 24

A compound that absorbs certain wavelengths of visible light while reflecting others.

Question 25

Photosystem

Answer 25

One of two protein-based complexes composed of clusters of pigments that absorb light energy

Question 26

Photophosporylation

Answer 26

The use of photons of light to drive the phosphorylation of ADP to produce ATP via chemiosmosis

Question 27

Carbon dioxide fixation

Answer 27

In the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis, the reaction of carbon dioxide with ribulose bisphosphate to produce two identical three-carbon molecules, 3-phosphglycerate

Question 28

C3 Photosynthesis

Answer 28

A process of converting carbon dioxide to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate using only the Calvin cycle; involves the production of a three-carbon intermediate (PGA)

Question 29

Photorespiration

Answer 29

The reaction of oxygen with ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate in a process that reverses carbon fixation and reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis