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Bio Chem 501 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Thermodynamics (def)

A

How much NRG released as a reaction proceeds towards equilibrium

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2
Q

Negative ΔG (2)

A

Exergonic
Reaction proceed towards products

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3
Q

Positive ΔG (2)

A

Endergonic
Reaction proceed towards reactants

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4
Q

Enthalpy change (2)

A

Difference in bond energies between reactants and products

Formed - broken

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5
Q

Exothermic (3)

A

Release heat
Negative ΔH
More stable bonds formed

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6
Q

Endothermic (3)

A

Need heat input
Positive ΔH
Less stable bonds formed

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7
Q

Entropy (2)

A

Change in randomness

Increase in randomness is a positive ΔS

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8
Q

Standard conditions (def)

A

1M of each species

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9
Q

Product Favored (Keq & ΔG°)

A

Keq > 1
ΔG° < 1

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10
Q

Reactant Favored (Keq & ΔG°)

A

Keq < 1
ΔG° > 1

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11
Q

Glycolysis prep stage (2)

A

C6 → 2x C3
Put in 2 ATP

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12
Q

Glycolysis payoff stage (2)

A

2x C3 → 2x pyruvate + 4 ATP + 2 NADH
Net gain = 2 ATP + 2 NADH

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13
Q

Hexokinase Rxn (3)

A

Add phosphate from ATP to glucose (coupled)

Make glucose 6 phosphate
Highly favorable

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14
Q

Phosphohexose isomerase (2)

A

Glucose → fructose
Isomerize to break in half later

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15
Q

Phosphofructokinase (4)

A

Fructose 6 P + ATP→ fructose 1,6 bisphosphate + ADP

Add another phosphate to fructose

Put in 1 ATP

Favorable, coupled

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16
Q

Phosphofructokinase regulation

A

ATP regulates by binding to allosteric site (when high concentration)

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17
Q

Aldolase (1)

A

Hexose → 2 trioses

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18
Q

Triose phosphate isomerase (TPI)

A

Interconvert between trioses

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19
Q

Oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3 P (3)

A

Only redox reaction

Energy of oxidation preserved in phosphate bond + NADH

Dehydrogenase reaction

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20
Q

Phosphoglycerate kinase
(3)

A

First payoff

Coupled to substrate level phosphorylation

1, 3 Bisphosphoglycerate → 3 PGA

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21
Q

Phosphoglycerate mutase (3)

A

Rearrange molecule
Redistribute energy
3 Phosphoglycerate → 2 Phosphoglycerate

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22
Q

Formation of phosphoenolpyruvate

A

Create phosphoenolpyruvate

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23
Q

ATP from PEP (3)

A

Create pyruvate
Second payoff (1 ATP)
Favorable

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24
Q

Reactions in mitochondria

A

Citric acid cycle
Respiration

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25
Reactions in cytoplasm
Glycolysis Fermentation
26
Kinases
Add phosphate groups
27
Dehydrogenases
Oxidize the organic compounds and generate energy
28
Isomerases
Convert one isomer to another Rearrange molecule
29
Aldolase
Break down sugars
30
Mutase
Type of isomerase Move functional group on molecule
31
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1
Decarboxylation Release CO2
32
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2
Oxidation Byproduct is Acetyl CoA
33
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E3
Shuttle electrons to NAD+ Create FADH2 intermediate End product is NADH + H+ Regenerate lipoic acid
34
Where is NRG stored (pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction)
Thioester bond of acetyl CoA NADH
35
Pyruvate converted to ethanol because
Ethanol is more oxidized than pyruvate
36
How to make reaction favorable with large Del G
Couple to ATP hydrolysis
37
Why is pyruvate converted to lactate
To replenish Nad+
38
Carnitine
Essential for transport of FA across mitochondrial membrane
39
Why is balanced photosynthesis equation not correct
O2 results from splitting H2O 6 H2O can't form 6 O2
40
What occurs in the calvin cycle
NADPH and ATP are used to reduce CO bonds
41
Glycolysis Step 1
Favorable Coupled to ATP breakdown
42
Glycolysis step 3
Favorable ATP breakdown
43
Glycolysis step 4
Unfavorable Le Chatelier's principle
44
Glycolysis step 7
Favorable Payoff
45
Glycolysis step 10
Favorable Payoff
46
CAC Step 1
Favorable Regulated
47
CAC step 3
Favorable Payoff
48
CAC Step 4
Favorable Payoff
49
CAC step 8
Positive del g Conditions far from standard
50
FA Oxidation Steps
Activation Transport Oxidation
51
Beta Oxidation Steps
Dehydrogenation Hydration Dehydrogenation Thiolytic cleavage
52
Cite of urea production
Liver
53
Outside NH4+ detoxified as
Glutamine Alanine
54
Glucogenic
Converted to citric acid cycle intermediates
55
Ketogenic
Converted to acetate
56
Electron transport chain location
mitochondria
57
Glycolysis location
Cytoplasm
58
Light rxn
light + H2O --> NADPH + ATP + O2
59
Dark rxn
NADPH + ATP + CO2 --> Sugar
60

Bio Chem 501 (4 decks)

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