Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Earth Science > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five criteria for determining if something is a mineral?

A

It must be naturally occuring
It must be a solid
It must be inorganic
It must have a crystal structure
It must have a definite chemical composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are six properties of minerals?

A

Color
Cleavage
Hardness
Streak
Luster
Special Properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the color property of minerals?

A

It is the color of the mineral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How reliable is the color property of minerals?

A

Not very reliable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the streak property of minerals?

A

It is the color of the powder produced by the mineral when scraped on unglazed porcelain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How reliable is the streak property of minerals?

A

Very reliable; no matter the mineral’s color property, it will still have the same streak property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the luster property of minerals?

A

It is how the mineral reflects light; there is metallic, nonmetallic, waxy, earthy, and glassy, and pearly luster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How reliable is the luster property of minerals?

A

Not very; it is subjective, and can depend on how clean the surface or what surface of the mineral you are looking at

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the hardness property of minerals?

A

It is the mineral’s resistance to being scratched; a mineral can scratch and mineral softer than itself but is scratched by any mineral that is harder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the ten minerals in order of hardness?

A
  1. Talc
  2. Gypsum
  3. Calcite
  4. Fluorite
  5. Apatite
  6. Feldspar
  7. Quartz
  8. Topaz
  9. Corundum
  10. Diamond
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How reliable is the hardness property of minerals?

A

Reliable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the cleavage property of minerals?

A

How they break; some break into sheets, other in right angles, and some fracture, or break irregularly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How reliable is the cleavage property of minerals?

A

Reliable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the special property property of minerals?

A

Special properties that uniquely identify a mineral; for example, calcite bubbles in the presence of weak acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How reliable is the special property of minerals?

A

Very reliable; it can uniquely identify a mineral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When are gemstones called gems?

A

When they are cut and polished

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is prospecting?

A

The art of finding materials of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the three types of mines?

A

Strip
Openpit
Shaft

18
Q

What is strip mining?

A

Scraping away the soil in an area to expose ore; it is safe

19
Q

What is openpit mining?

A

Removing ore beginning on the surface and extending deep into the ground.

20
Q

What is shaft mining?

A

Long tunnels built into the ground into which miners travel to extract the ore; less environmental impact, but greater miner risk

21
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

When two atoms form a bound because they are oppositely-charged ions

22
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

When two atoms form a bond because they share electrons

23
Q

What elements are more likely to form an ionic bond?

A

A metal and a nonmetal

24
Q

What elements are more likely to form a covalent bond?

A

Two nonmetals

25
Q

What are the six basic crystal shapes?

A

Cubic
Monoclinic
Tetragonal
Orthorhombic
Triclinic
Hexagonal

26
Q

How do the axes of a cubic-shaped crystal intersect?

A

3 equal length axes intersect at 90° angles

27
Q

How do the axes of an orthorhombic-shaped crystal intersect?

A

3 different length axes intersect at 90° angles

28
Q

How do the axes of a tetragonal-shaped crystal intersect?

A

3 axes intersect at 90° angles

29
Q

How do the axes of a triclinic-shaped crystal intersect?

A

3 axes of different lengths intersect at non-perpendicular angles

30
Q

How do the axes of a hexagonal-shaped crystal intersect?

A

3 horizontal axes of the same length intersect at 60° angles

31
Q

How do the axes of a monoclinic-shaped crystal intersect?

A

2 different length axes intersect at 90° angle, then a third unequal one doesn’t intersect at 90°

32
Q

What are silicates?

A

Compounds that contain silica and oxygen and one more metallic element

33
Q

What are rocks?

A

Minerals bound together in some way

34
Q

What are the three categories of rocks?

A

Igneous
Metamorphic
Sedimentary

35
Q

What are igneous rocks?

A

Rocks that are formed by the cooling of hot melted rock

36
Q

What are sedimentary rocks?

A

Rocks that are formed by the hardening and cementing of sediment, such as fragments of other rocks, plant or animal remains, or chemicals found in lakes or oceans

37
Q

What are metamorphic rocks?

A

Rocks that are formed when a rock that already existed changes because of heat an pressure

38
Q

What are the four types of igneous rocks, and what are they?

A

Intrusive/Plutonic; when they form inside the crust
Extrusive/Volcanic; when they form outside the crust
Felsic; when they contain a lot of silica
Mafic; when they don’t contain a lot of silica

39
Q

What are the three main types of sedimentary rocks, and what are they?

A

Clastic; when they are formed of fragments of other rocks
Chemical; when they form from minerals left from evaporated water
Organic; when they form from the remains of animals or plants

40
Q

What is foliation?

A

A rock that is characterized by layers or sheets of minerals

41
Q

What is a pegmatite?

A

An igneous rock which has very large crystals

42
Q

What is a porphyry?

A

An igneous rock with two different textures

43
Q

What is lithification?

A

the process of converting sediments to solid rock, generally by cementing or compacting them

Earth Science (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions