unit 3 Flashcards
what are movement skills
activities or tasks that require voluntary head and body movement to achieve a goal (movement with purpose)
fundamental movement skills
the basics of sports- specific movement skills
e.g throw, jump
what are the 3 ways to classify a skill/ type of movement
- discreate motor skills
- serial motor skills
- continuous motor skills
what are and explain the types of movement
-discreate motor skill; obvious beginning and end (e.g throwing a ball)
-serial combo of discreate skills in a single sequence
(running, weight lifting)
-continuous- have no definite beginning or end point (running)
movement precision
fine - skills that involve the recruitment of smaller muscle groups (bouncing a ball)
gross- skills that involve recruitment of larger muscle groups( running)
predictability of the environment
closed motor skill
open motor skill; less predictable environment
stages of learning
cognitive
associative
autonomous
characteristics of cognitive learning
(beginner)
- learner makes many errors
-asks alot of questions
- performance is inconsistent and rigid
- learns by trial and error
characteristics of assosiative learning
- novice
-begin to refine technique - more consistent fewer errors
- (coach tip)help dev self correcting ability
characteristics of autonomous learning
expert
- skill is largely automatic
-no longer thinking how to do the skill
-coach tip precise feedback
what are the types of practice
part vs whole practice
practice distribution- mass vs distributed
practice variability
how to choose part vs whole practice
task complexity- simple tasks should be kept whole (throw dart)
- the more complex can be broken up (tennis serve)
task org- skills that require a rhythm are harder to break into segments and need to be practiced whole eg cartwheel
benefit of part vs whole practice
- understand each component/lower cognitive load
- build confidence- so doing whole skill is less intimidating
massed vs distributed practice
- refers to frequency and length of training session/activity
-mass
- less frequent
-last longer
-little rest between tasks or attempts
-distributed
-more frequent training session
-training lasts for a shorter period of time
- more time between attempts
massed and distributed benefits
mass-
-easier to schedule
-less commitment over course of week
-parents get there
distributed
-higher level of learning achieved
massed and distributed negatives
m - athletes don’t retain the skill as fast and need longer to improve performance
d- more time consuming (days) and organization
What are types of practice variability
blocked and random practice
what is random practice
- varying of different movement skills throughout training session
- used with more experienced athletes (autonomous and associative)
-increases retention compared to block (repeat it successfully at diff occasions)
what is blocked practice
- practice same skill continuously without changing to different task
- used more with cognitive learners
-enviro needs to be predictable to replicate the skill consistently
what are styles of coaching instructions
- direct and constraints based coaching
difference between direct and constraints based coaching
Direct coaching everybody learns the same (coach makes all the decisions)
Constrains-based coaching everybody learns slightly different ( coach develops boundaries)
benefits and limitations of direct coaching
Benefits
-Don’t have to be as knowledgeable of the sport
-Less time consuming
-There are often multiple people, easier to teach everyone the same thing ( the average )
Limitation
-Doesn’t account for differences in people (tailored to people)
-Don’t learn to solve movement themselves/ self correct
characteristic of constraint based coaching
- boundary is set and athlete has to problem solve
in order to have a constraint based approach they need to have:
- A solid knowledge of specific sports
- Experience with developing a range of games and manipulating different constraints
- Understanding of the individual players strength and weaknesses.
