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Unit 3 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

Conduction

A

When heat is transferred between neighbouring particles

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2
Q

Examples of insulators

A

Wood,fibreglass,wool

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3
Q

How is heat loss reduced in the home?

A

Using double glazing,fibreglass insulation in lofts

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4
Q

Convection

A

Occurs in liquids and gases (fluids) when particles move,carrying heat with them

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5
Q

How do convection currents spread heat in fluids?

A

When they are heated from the base or cooled from the top

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6
Q

How are unwanted transfers of heat energy in the home reduced?

A

Using draughty excluders,
keeping doors and windows closed,
blocking unused fireplaces

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7
Q

When is radiation emitted?

A

When infrared waves transfer heat energy from the surface of objects.

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8
Q

Which objects radiate energy more quickly?

Hot/cooler

A

Hot

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9
Q

When do objects cool down?

A

If they radiate heat

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10
Q

When do objects warm up?

A

If they absorb radiation

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11
Q

Which radiates more energy in a given time?

Black matt objects // shiny objects

A

Black Matt

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12
Q

How are heat losses in the home reduced?

A

By putting foil on walls behind radiators

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13
Q

What does a black surface do?

A

Helps a cool object heat up quickly,

Allows a hot object to cool down quickly

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14
Q

Payback time =

A

Cost of installation / annual savings

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15
Q

What is payback time?

A

The time for the cost of installing energy saving measures to match the savings they generate

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16
Q

How can householders save cost by reducing energy losses?

A

Reducing heat losses
Using efficient equipment
Using equipment more efficiently

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17
Q

Why is double glazing’s payback time very long?

A

Expensive to install,does not reduce heat losses much

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18
Q

What do U-Values do?

A

Measure the rate of heat loss through a material

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19
Q

Why do good heat conductors like metals have a high U-value?

A

They transfer heat quickly

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20
Q

What does a low U-value mean?

A

Heat is transferred more slowly through the material

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21
Q

Why do architects aim to specify materials with low U-values?

A

To reduce heat losses in winter and so keep a home warm

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22
Q

Why is it more important to use materials with a low U-value for walls than for Windows?

A

Walls-larger surface area so more heat is lost through them

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23
Q

What can closed air systems in homes lead to?

A

A build up of indoor pollutants

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24
Q

Name examples of indoor air pollutants:

A

Dust,mound and spores,pollen,smoke,fumes from household products,carbon monoxide

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25
What are symptoms of exposure to high levels of indoor pollution?
``` Asthma Headaches Tiredness Nausea Itchy nose Sore throat ```
26
What are the effects of mould,spores,dust?
Allergic reactions,itchy nose
27
Effects of soot and smoke?
Lung damage,sore throat,watery eyes
28
Effects of fuels and cleaning products?
Nausea,tiredness,headaches
29
Effects of carbon monoxide?
Tiredness,death
30
What can exposure to hazardous chemicals cause?
Dizziness,rashes,headaches
31
Harmful
Damage health
32
Irritant
Rashes. Same as harmful | Don't touch with bare skin,don't inhale/eat or drink
33
Corrosive
Chemical burns. | Use gloves/eye protection
34
Environmental hazard
Dispose carefully. | Can harm animals/plants
35
Flammable
Keep sealed/away from heat sources
36
Toxic
Poisonous. | Use cloves,don't drink
37
When does incomplete combustion occur?
When a fuel is burned without enough oxygen
38
What does incomplete combustion produce?
Carbon monoxide and soot
39
Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?
It binds to haemoglobin in red blood cells--- | replaces the oxygen in your red blood cells
40
What is the chemical reaction for incomplete combustion?
Hydrocarbon fuel + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water + carbon monoxide + carbon
41
How is incomplete combustion different to complete combustion?
It releases less energy | Very dangerous-carbon monoxide gas is poisonous
42
How can you prevent carbon monoxide poisoning?
Regularly servicing gas/oil boilers helps ensure they are properly ventilated and performing complete combustion
43
What is radon gas?
A radioactive gas that seeps naturally out of rocks like granite. Can cause cancer
44
What do the rocks that radon seeps under contain?
Uranium,plutonium
45
What can radioactivity in radon gas do to your body?
Damage cells in lungs-become cancerous
46
Why are smokers affected more than non smokers by lung cancer caused by radon gas?
Cells in lungs are already damaged from smoking
47
How can radon levels be reduced?
By ventilating the building
48
Why isn't radon gas a pollutant in all parts of the country?
Radon gas only seems out of certain types of rocks which are only found in some parts of country
49
Flammable
Keep sealed/away from heat sources
50
Toxic
Poisonous. | Use cloves,don't drink
51
When does incomplete combustion occur?
When a fuel is burned without enough oxygen
52
What does incomplete combustion produce?
Carbon monoxide and soot
53
Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?
It binds to haemoglobin in red blood cells--- | replaces the oxygen in your red blood cells
54
What is the chemical reaction for incomplete combustion?
Hydrocarbon fuel + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water + carbon monoxide + carbon
55
How is incomplete combustion different to complete combustion?
It releases less energy | Very dangerous-carbon monoxide gas is poisonous
56
How can you prevent carbon monoxide poisoning?
Regularly servicing gas/oil boilers helps ensure they are properly ventilated and performing complete combustion
57
What is radon gas?
A radioactive gas that seeps naturally out of rocks like granite. Can cause cancer
58
What do the rocks that radon seeps under contain?
Uranium,plutonium
59
What can radioactivity in radon gas do to your body?
Damage cells in lungs-become cancerous
60
Why are smokers affected more than non smokers by lung cancer caused by radon gas?
Cells in lungs are already damaged from smoking
61
How can radon levels be reduced?
By ventilating the building
62
Why isn't radon gas a pollutant in all parts of the country?
Radon gas only seems out of certain types of rocks which are only found in some parts of country

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